SOL: 13

Renaissance

Crusades & The Renaissance

• Exchange of ideas/ goods/ knowledge between the Muslim & European (Christian) empires led to the Renaissance.

Crusades

Economic effects of the Crusades• Increased demand for Middle Eastern

products• Stimulated production of goods to trade in

Middle Eastern markets• Encouraged the use of credit and banking

Crusades

Important economic concepts– Church rule against usury and the banks’ practice

of charging interest helped to secularize northern Italy

– Letters of credit served to expand the supply of money and expedite trade.

– New accounting and bookkeeping practices (use of Arabic numerals) were introduced

Italian Influence

• The Renaissance started in Italy. • Florence, Venice, Genoa, & Rome were

centers of art & trade.• Wealthy merchants were active civic

(government) rulers. – Machiavelli observed local rulers of the day &

wrote a book, The Prince, which had guidelines for rulers in regards to acquiring & maintaining power.

Important Italian Cities

Florence, Venice, and Genoa• Had access to trade routes connecting Europe

with Middle Eastern markets• Served as trading centers for the distribution

of goods to northern Europe• Were initially independent city-states

governed as republics

Machiavelli (The Prince)

• An early modern treatise on government • Supports absolute power of the ruler• Maintains that the end justifies the means• Advises that one should do good if possible,

but do evil when necessary

The Italian Renaissance

• How did the art and literature of the Renaissance differ from those of the Middle Ages?– As the Renaissance spread, it became more secular.– Medieval art and literature focused on the Church

and salvation.– While Renaissance art and literature focused on

individuals and worldly matters, along with Christianity.

Artistic & Literary Achievements

• People you need to know– Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa and The Last Supper– Michelangelo: Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and

(manly) David– Petrarch: Sonnets, humanist scholarship

Mona Lisa

The Last Supper

Both done by Leonardo da Vinci

The Sistine Chapel Ceilingby Michelangelo

Humanism

• Celebrated the individual (aka. Humans)• Stimulated the study of classical Greek and

Roman literature and culture• Supported by wealthy patrons

Northern Renaissance

• New ideas from the Renaissance spread to Northern Europe.

• Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas.

• Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity.

• The movable type printing press and the production and sale of books (Gutenberg Bible) helped disseminate ideas.

Northern Renaissance

• Writers– Erasmus: The Praise of Folly (1511)– Sir Thomas More: Utopia (1516)

Northern Renaissance artists portrayed religious and secular subjects

Question Time!

Florence, Venice & Genoa all became powerful Italian city-states because of:

A. The PopeB. The King of ItalyC. Access the trade routesD. Abundance of diamonds & gold in Italy

This was still the main focus of the Renaissance:

A. Religion/ Biblical themesB. Everyday lifeC. DeathD. Fruit

The Praise of Folly…

A. Made fun of the Church, and helped launch the Protestant Reformation

B. Told people to buy papal indulgences, to guarantee their entry into heaven

C. Encouraged people to make mistakes & say, “It doesn’t matter, God will forgive you.”