SmartNodes - Towards supporting time-critical decision-making in Aviation Security

8th Air Traffic Management Research and Development SeminarJune 29 – July 2nd, 2009Napa, USA.

Overview

ApproachApproach

ConclusionsConclusionsExperimentsExperiments

ProblemProblem

What is Aviation Security?

PROBLEMPROBLEM

ICAO Annex 17 DefinitionAviation Security: ¨A combination of measures and human and material resources intended to safeguard civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference¨

The nature of the beast

Aircraft complexityTraffic growth / numberEvolving threatsDevastating impact but….Rare events

Hard to identifyHard to predict

PROBLEMPROBLEM

http://radar.zhaw.ch

A day-to-day scenario

The preceding scenario is relatively simple and a day-to-day scenario …

French AircraftItalian AirlineLondon – CyprusGerman pilotsTrouble over Greek/Albanian border

PROBLEMPROBLEM

Its decision time

Naturalistic Decision Making

J. Boyd, M. Endsley, G. Klein

Information CentricRight info -> right person -> right time

Who is that?PROBLEMPROBLEM

Hurdles & obstacles

1. Scale & Complexity2. Diversity of sources3. Diversity of users4. Unguaranteed

availability

We need:Shared awarenessCollaborationNetwork of dispersed entities

PROBLEMPROBLEM

Conceptual Approach

ApproachApproach

Multi-Agent Systems

Cognitive System Engineering

Information Fusion

X

Work flows

Socio-technological systems

Sense & Measure

Create meaning

Replicated Assets

Work collaboratively

ERRIDS – European Regional Renegade Information Dissemination System

EUROCONTROL & NATO Exercise

renegade aircraftcross borders

Analytically created an ontology to describe situationsIdentify triggers

ExperimentsExperiments Aircraft Situation

Flight Deck Integrity

Crew StatePilot State

Co-Pilot State

Cabin State

Aircraft HealthState

Breaking down, building up

ApproachApproach

Is the pilot in control?Is the pilot alive?

Is the pilot stressed?Is the auto pilot on?

Is the pilot in the cockpit? Who else is in the cockpit?

What is his heart rate?

What is his blood pressure?

Does he sound panicked? Is he a new pilot?

Is the door locked?

What is the cockpit temperature?

Ontology

Data

The cockpit temperature is normal

His blood pressure is normal

His heart rate is acceleratedThe cabin door is open

The pilot is in his seatThere are non-flight crew on the deck

His voice is strainedHe’s an experienced pilot

The pilot is alive The autopilot is offThe pilot seems stressed

The pilot is not absolutely in control

Situational Awareness

Fuzzy Assistance

ApproachApproach

ExperimentsExperiments

SmartNodes & State Space Models

Flight Profiles & Early warningsBuild a system of SmartNodes

onboard security threatflight path

Create a profile over timedeviation tracker

Early warningNudges not shoves

Each user builds their ownAir marshalPilotAir defense commander

ExperimentsExperiments

PATIN

EU Exercise2 major European Airports Hijack & deviation to 2nd AirportGround negotiations

Focus of experimentCabin and flight deck situation

Maximising Communications

Decision makers & assets at disparate locationsDifferentiated comms channels

TranspondersOnboardSatellite

Prioritize to meet the objectivesCognitive Systems Engineering

ConclusionsConclusions

SWIM & TCDM

Information Management ArchitectureAircraft - mobile nodesConnect the sources to the destinationsShare the wealth

Push/PullExternal AgreementsRelianceCross-border

Demand surge

ConclusionsConclusions

NextGen/SESAR - Dual Use

iASIM

Security Stakeholders

ConclusionsConclusions

ConclusionsConclusions

ConclusionsTCDM

increase decision making time, decrease SA creation timeSituational Awareness

Fuzzy logic provide the puzzle piecesSmartNodes can provide the picture

CommunicationSA is useless until given to decision makers

Can meet some objectives nowMore granularity of airborne emergencies

SWIM style approach needed formore subtle assessments

Further questions?

Feel free to contact

Alex Tarter: alex.tarter@ultra-cis.com

Rainer Kölle:rainer.koelle@eurocontrol.int