Post on 02-Nov-2015
description
SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION
Maria Elizabeth M. Grageda, PTRP, MHPEd
Asst. Professor, National Teacher Training Center
for the Health Professions
DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
SMALL GROUP
DISCUSSION
ACTUAL LEARNING OUTCOMES
Feedback &
Assessment
DESIRED LEARNING
OUTCOMES
SMALL GROUP
DISCUSSION
Ability to solve problem
Think critically
Show mastery of subject
matter
gives opportunities for learners to:
make own judgments and interpretations
present & defend own views
take on role of facilitator
SMALL GROUP
DISCUSSION
SMALL GROUP
DISCUSSION
DESIRED LEARNING
OUTCOMES
SMALL GROUP
DISCUSSION
Manage their own
learning
Provision of increased learner
control
Opportunity to reflect on
what they still need to learn
Metacognition
Utilization &
transference
Self-monitoring &
development of
personal
standards
DESIRED LEARNING
OUTCOMES
SMALL GROUP
DISCUSSION
Moral development
Show expected attitude
and behaviors
Exposure to beliefs and values of
others
Reflect on their own beliefs & values
DESIRED LEARNING
OUTCOMES
SMALL GROUP
DISCUSSION
Communicate effectively
Can work well with
others
Encourage divergent thinking
Sharing of ideas and reaching consensus
Involves articulating ideas which can
also serve as preparation for writing
Misconceptions about SGD
Cannot be planned. Relies on
spontaneous and unpredicted
interactions.
Little time & effort required to
prepare.
*Careful planning & close supervision is the key.
Teachers role in SGD
structuring the learning activity and the
learning environment for maximum
interaction
facilitate and stimulate
preparing the learners to ensure they are
ready to engage in SGD
Preparing students for SGD
Ensure prior learning
Provide common reading materials
Help students to work actively towards
understanding of what they read by:
Defining unfamiliar words
Summarizing main points of author
Listing down questions
Preparing students for SGD
Provide key questions or prompts
Examples:
I wonder why
What caused
This is similar to
This seems important because
What do they mean by
What I find confusing is
I can relate to this because
The interesting point here is
I did not expect
This would be easier to understand if
Preparing students for SGD
Preparing students for reflective thinking
thinking about the processes & outcomes of
the discussion
Help learners understand how their
preconceived ideas about the topic & the
purpose of the discussion, and the
understanding of how they think influence the
way they will contribute to the discussion
Whole-class discussions
Contributes to their own prior knowledge
Provides opportunities to integrate their own
ideas with others ideas
Can stimulate more questions and more ideas
Preparing students for SGD
Prepare the discussion environment
Ensure an open environment
Be aware of group development
Physical set-up
The Discussion Plan
Establish clear learning outcomes
Outline the subject or topic to be
discussed and why it should be discussed
Decide how to open the discussion
Promote interest and engage the learners
Set the scene
Formulate a clear question to focus the
discussion
Provide supplementary questions
Target HOTS by asking open-ended questions that
encourage learners to generate their own answers
and opinions
Plan how to close the discussion (involving the
whole class)
The Discussion Plan
Plan your summary
Reflection and evaluation
Set the appropriate time
The Discussion Plan
Discussion skills Reflecting on their own behaviour during and after
the discussion.
Points of reflection:
While listening to
others:
Do I agree? Why?
Do I think that this
is based on fact or
opinion? Why?
Do I really need to
make a comment
at this point?
Why?
After making a
contribution:
Did the others
understand my
point?
Did my contribution
make a real
difference to the
discussion? Why?
After the
discussion:
How could I have
made a more
productive
contribution to
this discussion?
Factors to help make SGD successful
Clear focus on learning
Preparation of and by the learners
Clear set of guidelines for learners
Careful management of the learning
environment
Direction by the teacher
Willing participation of all learners
Monitoring & feedback by the teacher
Careful time management by teacher &
learners
Structured process for bringing learning to a
logical conclusion
Anticipating all possible direction that the
discussion may take
Factors to help make SGD successful
Factors that limit effectiveness of SGD
Students ability to learn in this kind of
environment
Acceptance of membership into the group
Lack of prior knowledge & preparation
Variety of pace of learning among group
members
Discussion of irrelevant issues
Restrictive structure
Increased time for preparation
Physical arrangement
Dominated by talkative students
Factors that limit effectiveness of SGD
Computer-based discussions
Chat rooms
Websites and discussion sites
Will follow the same guidelines in planning
and structuring SGDs in the classroom
Summary
SGD is a teaching-learning activity that can
easily be aligned to learning outcomes
Careful planning & supervision is key to
successful SGDs
The teachers role is to provide structure to
the activity & the environment
References
Cuyegkeng, MA, Detoya,G. , Lorenzo, M., Lapitan Jr., Laurito, A., Teehankee, B., Vea,R., & Vicencio, E. (2013). CHED Implementation Handbook for OBE and ISA CHED TFOTQA (Task Force to Assist the Management of the Transition to Outcomes-Based and Typology-Based Quality Assurance).
Kember, D. Best Practice in Outcomes-based Teaching and Learning at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Center for learning Enhancement & Research, Hong Kong.
Killen, R. (2007). Teaching Strategies for OBE 2nd Ed. Juta & Co., Capetown, South Africa.