Small Group Discussion in Teaching Speaking at Eleventh Grade of Senior

High School 3 Malang

THESIS

By:

SUMANTIAH

201110100100311215

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2015

Small Group Discussion in Teaching Speaking at Eleventh Grade of Senior

High School 3 Malang

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English

Language Education

By:

SUMANTIAH

201110100100311215

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2015

i

ii

iii

MOTTO

“Whoever goes down a path searching for knowledge, Allah will make it easy for

him the path to Jannah.” (Al- Bukhari)

“Knowledge will not be acquired except we make time for it.” (Imam Al-Baihaqi)

“Be like the rice plant. The more it grows, the more it bends. Keep being the

modest one despite having much knowledge.” (My Beloved Baba)

DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to:

My parents, sisters, and brothers (Ma, Baba, Ka Susi, Umratun, Rui, Rama & Dek

Aisyah) who never stop giving themselves in countless ways. You are the reason

of what I become today.

My dearest and everlasting best friends (Ukhty Sila & Shinta Kabeta). I am really

grateful to you for teaching me the meaningful life.

My favorite former teacher (Pak Usman) and my cousin (Arief El-Bimae). Huge

thanks for inspiring me to be brave enough to go out of my hometown.

My family in Malang (Kak Yani and Istihara) who stand by me when things look

bleak. Many thanks for the great support and continuous care.

My truly best friends ever (Kembang Kertas: Linda_Lindul, Teteh_Nenieh, Elin-

_Kembang Kertas, Queen_Perina, Mamy_Zeny) who never fail to uplift my spirit

and make me believe in myself. The craziest memories with you are the

unforgettable things.

My sisters in Malang (Ka Atun, Mbak Umi, Ka Fau, Ka Eli, Ka Kiki, Ka Mira,

Intan & Ulin. Thanks for the help and support.

The Banksad (Ria, Andri, Arif, Fani, dkk). Thanks for the help and support.

iv

v

ABSTRACT

SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION IN TEACHING SPEAKING AT

ELEVENTH GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 3 MALANG

Learning English is a need for people since it plays an essential role in

various aspects of life such as technology, science, politic, education,

entertainment, and tourism. Moreover, speaking skill of English is more

emphasized to be developed since it can be an ultimate weapon to compete and

survive on globalization and ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA). However, teaching

speaking skill is more difficult since it is a foreign language (in Indonesia) where

students do not get an exposure from their environment. Reviewing to the

phenomenon, teachers should emphasize learning more on the interaction between

students in teaching speaking. One of ways to make students active in speaking

class is to let them discuss in a small group discussion.

This research employed descriptive qualitative research in which one of

English teachers of Senior High School 3 Malang was chosen as the research

subject. Since the aim of the research was to investigate the problems and solutions

of small group discussion in teaching speaking, the data collection was conducted

through observation (non-participation observation) and interview (semi-structured

interview).

The result of the study showed that there were seven problems of small group

discussion in teaching speaking at eleventh grade; namely forming group based on

chance technique, row seating, mother tongue using, uneven participating, noisy

classroom, boring presentation, and finishing the discussion in early time.

Moreover, mother tongue using and row seating were considered as the main

problems. From the main problems, the teacher gave the best effort to minimize the

use of mother tongue by visiting each group to model and motivate the students to

speak English. However, the teacher could not give an effort related to the row

seating problem since the room of class MIPA-XI 2 was too small for small group

discussion.

Hence, the small group discussion was still applicable in teaching speaking

especially at eleventh grade of Senior High School 3 Malang. Even there were some

problems in the implementation of small group discussion, the teacher had several

ways to cope with the problems, so this technique ran well based on the lesson plan.

Keywords: Small Group Discussion, Teaching Speaking, Eleventh Grade

The First Advisor, The Writer,

Rahmawati Khadijah Maro, S.Pd., M.PEd. Sumantiah

vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamiin, the writer would like to express her sincere

thanks to Allah SWT who has given health, blessing, inspiration, and guidance in

accomplishing this thesis entitled: “Small Group Discussion in Teaching

Speaking at Eleventh Grade of Senior High School 3 Malang”.

First and foremost, the writer would like to express her gratitude to her thesis

supervisors, Rahmawati Khadijah Maro, S.Pd., M.PEd. and Riski Lestiono, S.Pd.,

M.A. for being outstanding and excellent supervisors. Their constant

encouragement, support, and invaluable suggestions gave her motivation to

accomplish this thesis.

The writer owes a deep sense of gratitude to her research subject, the English

teacher of Senior High School 3 Malang, Mukhammad Aniq Mubarok, S.Pd. S.S.

for his cooperation, support, and encouragement. He offered his precious time to

help in gathering the research data.

Additionally, the writer is extremely thankful to: 1) The Dean of the Faculty

of Teacher Training and Education, Dr. Poncojari Wahyono, M.Kes, 2) The head

of English Department, Drs. Sudiran, M.Hum, 3) All the lecturers of English

Department, 4) Her beloved best friends “Hotahee’s Gang” especially Yulinda

Besty Sari who gave full effort to help her in doing the interview and observation.

Finally, the writer is deeply and forever indebted to her parents, sisters, and

brother for their love, support and encouragement throughout her thesis writing.

December 22, 2015

The writer,

Sumantiah

vii

TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER

APPROVAL ........................................................................................................... i

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ............................................................................ iii

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY .................................................. iv

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................... vi

TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................... vii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study ......................................................................... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problems ....................................................................... 5

1.3 Purposes of the Study .............................................................................. 5

1.4 Significance of the Study ......................................................................... 5

1.5 Scope and Limitation ............................................................................... 6

1.6 Definition of Key Term ........................................................................... 6

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 The Nature of Speaking .......................................................................... 8

2.2 Functions of Speaking ........................................................................... 9

2.3 Teaching Speaking ................................................................................ 11

2.4 Teaching Speaking in Senior High School ........................................... 14

2.5 Small Group Discussion ....................................................................... 15

2.5.1 The Definition of Small Group Discussion .................................. 15

2.5.2 Characteristics of Effective and Good Small Group Discussion .. 16

2.5.3 The Advantages of Small Group Discussion ................................ 19

2.5.4 The Disadvantages of Small Group Discussion ........................... 20

2.5.5 Problems and Solutions of Small Group Discussion .................... 22

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design .................................................................................... 24

3.2 Research Subject .................................................................................... 26

viii

3.3 Research Instrument .............................................................................. 27

3.3.1 Observation Field note .................................................................. 28

3.3.2 Interview Guideline ...................................................................... 30

3.4 Data Collection ...................................................................................... 31

3.4 Data Analysis ......................................................................................... 32

CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Research findings .................................................................................. 35

4.1.1 The Problems of Small Group Discussion in Teaching Speaking 36

4.1.2 The Solutions of Small Group Discussion in Teaching Speaking .40

4.2 Discussion .............................................................................................. 44

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 49

5.2 Suggestions ............................................................................................ 51

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

REFERENCES

Anonymous. 2013. Penguasaan Bahasa Asing mutlak dibutuhkan pada AFTA 2015.

Accessed on 4 February 2015. Available at

Http://www.jatimprov.go.id/site/gub-penguasaan-bahasa-asing-mutlak

dibutuhkan-pada-afta-2015/.

Anonymous. Visi Misi SMA N 3 Malang. Accessed on 22 January 2015. Available at

Http://www.sman3-malang.sch.id/profil/rancana-dan-strategi/visi-misi.

Arends, R.I. 2012. Learning to Teach. 9th Edition. New York: The McGraw-Hill

Companies, Inc.

Arends, R.I., & Kilcher, A. 2010. Teaching for Student Learning: Becoming an

Accomplished Teacher. New York: Routledge.

Ary, D., Jacobs, L.C., Sorensen C., & Razavieh A. 2010. Introduction to Research in

Education. 8th Ed. Belmont:Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.

Baines, E., Blatchford, P., & Kutnick, P. 2009. Promoting Effective Group Work in the

Primary Classroom: A handbook for teachers and practitioners. USA and

Canada: Routledge.

Bashir, M., Azeem, M. & Dogar, A.H. 2011. Factor Effecting Students’ English

Speaking Skills. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences. ISSN: 2046-9578,

Vol.2. No. 1. Accessed on 23rd April 2015. Available at

http://www.bjournal.co.uk./paper/bjass_2_1/bjass_02_01_04.pdf.

Brookfield, S.D., & Preskill, S. 2005. Discussion as a Way of Teaching: Tools and

Techniques for Democratic Classrooms. 2nd Ed. San Francisco: John Wiley &

Sons, Inc.

Brown, H. Douglas. 2000. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to

Language Pedagogy. Second Edition. White Plains, NY: Pearson Education.

Brown, H.D. 2007. Principle of Language Learning and Teaching. 5th Ed. New York:

Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapin, S.H., O’Connor, C., Anderson, N.C. 2009. Classroom Discussions: Using

Math Talk to Help Students Learn. 2nd Ed. Sausalito: Math Solution.

Cohen Louis, Manion Lawrence, & Morrison Keith. 2007. Research Methods in

Education. 6th Ed. New York: Routledge.

Cohen, E.G., & Lotan, R.A. 2014. Designing Groupwork: Strategies for the

Heterogeneous Classroom. 3rd Ed. New York: Columbia University.

Cresswell, J.W. 2012. Educational Research Planning, Conducting and Evaluating

Quantitative Research. 4th Ed. Boston: Pearson.

Denscombe, M. 2010. The good Research Guide: For Small-scale Social Research

Projects. 4th Ed. New York: Open University Press.

Dewi, I. 2012. A Study on Group Discussion in Speaking class at English Department

University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University

of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Diller, D. 2007. Making the most of small group: differentiation for all. Portland:

Stenhouse Publisher.

Dornyei, Z., & Murphey, T. 2009. Group Dynamics in the Language Classroom.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Fraenkel, J.R. & Wallen N.E. 2009. How to Design and Evaluate Research in

Education. 7th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Gall, M.D., & Gillet, M. 2001. The Discussion Method in Classroom Teaching: Theory

into Practice. Australia: Kingswood.

Gall, M.D., & Gillet, M. 2001. The Discussion Method in Classroom Teaching: Theory

into Practice. Australia: Kingswood.

Glidewell, J.C., Kelly, J.G., Bagby, M., & Dickerson, A. 2002. Theory and Research

on Small Group: Natural Development of Community Leadership. Vol.4. New

York: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Hamied, F.A. 2012. English in Multicultural and Multilingual Indonesian Education.

New York: Springer Science + Business Media Dordrecht.

Harmer Jeremy. 2007. The Practice of English Language Teaching. UK. Pearson

Education ESL.

Harris, T.E., & Sherblom, J.C. 2008. Small Group and Team Communication. 4th Ed.

USA: Pearson Education, Inc.

Hatch, J.A. 2002. Doing Qualitative Research in Education Settings. Albany: State

University of New York Press.

Isjoni. 2011. Cooperative Learning: Efektivitas Pembelajaran Kelompok. Bandung:

Alfabeta.

Johnson, A.P. 2010. Making Connections in Elementary and Middle School Social

Studies. USA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Jolliffe, W. 2007. Cooperative Learning in the Classroom: Putting it into Practice.

London: Paul Chapman.

Jones, Leo. 2007. The Student-Centered Classroom. USA: Cambridge University

Press.

Kayi, Hayriye. 2006. Teaching Speaking: Activities to Promote Speaking in a Second

Language. The Internet TESL Journal, Vol. XII, No. 11, November 2006, pp.1.

Kusmaryati, S.E. 2009. Improving English Speaking Ability through Classroom

Discussion for Students of MA NU BANAT Kudus in the Academic Year

2008/2009. ISSN: 1979-6889.

Lodico, M.G., Spaulding D.T, & Voegtle K.H. 2010. Methods in Educational Research

from Theory to Practice. 2nd Ed. San Fransisco: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

McDermott, F. 2002. Inside Group Work: A Guide To Reflective Practice. Singapore:

South Wind Production Services.

McDonough, J., & Shaw, C. 2003. Materials and Method in ELT: A Teacher’s Guide.

2nd Ed. USA: Blackwell Publishing.

Millah, A. 2015. A Study of Students’ Motivation in Speaking at Basic Speaking 1 of

Mahesa English Course Pare. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University of

Muhammadiyah Malang.

Nunan, D. 2003. Practical English Language Teaching. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Orlich, D.C., Harder, R.J., Callahan, R.C., Trevisan, M.S., & Brown, A.H. 2010.

Teaching Strategies: A Guide to Effective Instruction. 9th Ed. USA: Wadsworth

Cengage Learning.

Ornstein, A.O., & Scarpaci, R.T. 2012. The Practice of Teaching: A Narrative and

Case-Study Approach. USA: Waveland Press, Inc.

Pratiwi, A. 2014. The Method of Teaching Speaking English at The Language Program

of SMA Muhammadiyah Pamekasan. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: University

of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Rahman, F. et al. Impact of Discussion Method on Students Performance. Volume 2

No. 7. USA: Center for Promoting Ideas.

Richard, J.C., & Rodgers, T.S. 2001. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching.

UK: Cambridge University Press.

Richards, J.C. 2008. Teaching Listening and Speaking: From Theory to Practice.

New York: Cambridge University Press.

Thornbury, Scott. 2005. How to Teach Speaking. New York: Longman.

Tindale, R.S. 2002. Social Psychological Applications to Social Issues: Theory and

Research on Small Group. Vol. 4. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Ur, P. 2009. A Course in Language Teaching: Practice and Theory. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Wahyurianto, I. 2009. The Implementation of Group Discussion to Improve the

Students’ Speaking Proficiency in ESP Speaking Class at Bahasa Indonesia

Department University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Unpublished Thesis.

Malang: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Zagranski, R., Whigham, W.T., & Dardenne P.L. 2008. Understanding Standards-

Based Education: A practical Guide for Teachers and Administrator. USA:

Corwin Press.