Post on 31-Dec-2015
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Figure 10-1Page 176
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Figure 10-2Page 176
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Average crude birth rate Average crude death rate
World
All developedcountries
All developingcountries
Developingcountries
(w/o China)
21
9
11
10
24
8
27
9
© 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning
Figure 10-3a Page 177
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Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Oceania
UnitedStates
NorthAmerica
Europe
38
14
22
6
20
7
18
7
14
8
14
8
10
12
Figure 10-3b Page 177
© 2
004
Bro
oks
/Co
le –
Th
om
son
Lea
rnin
g
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© 2
004
Bro
oks
/Co
le –
Th
om
son
Lea
rnin
g China
India
USA
Indonesia
Brazil
Pakistan
Russia
Bangladesh
Japan
Nigeria
2004 2025
1.3 billion1.4 billion
1.1 billion1.4 billion
294 million
349 million
219 million308 million
179 million
211 million
159 million
229 million
144 million137 million
141 million
205 million
128 million
121 million
137 million206 million Figure 10-4
Page 178
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World
Developedcountries
Developingcountries
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Oceania
NorthAmerica
Europe
5 children per woman2.8
2.5
1.6
6.53.1
6.65.1
5.92.6
5.92.6
3.82.1
3.52.0
2.61.4
1950 2004
Figure 10-5Page 179
© 2
004
Bro
oks
/Co
le –
Th
om
son
Lea
rnin
g
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Click to view animation.
Animation
Current and projected population sizes by region.
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High
Medium
Low
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
21950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
High10.6
Medium8.9
Low7.2
Year
Po
pu
lati
on
(b
illio
ns)
Figure 10-6Page 179
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4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.02.1
1.5
1.0
0.5
01920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
Bir
ths
per
wo
man
Baby boom(1946-64)
Figure 10-7Page 179
Replacement level
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Figure 10-8Page 180
32
30
2826242220181614
0
Bir
ths
pe
r th
ou
sa
nd
po
pu
lati
on
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
Demographictransition
Depression
End of World War II
Baby boom Baby bust Echo baby boom
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Figure 10-9Page 180
600
500
400
300
200
100
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
2000
2020
2040
2060
2080
2100
76
292
571
Total population
Projections
Year
Po
pu
lati
on
in m
illio
ns
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Figure 10-10Page 181
United States Mexico Canada
Population(2004)
Projected population(2025)
349 million
Infant mortality rate
Lifeexpectancy
Total fertilityrate (TFR)
% populationunder age 15
% populationover age 65
Per capitaGDP PPP
294 million106 million
32 million
150million36 million
6.725
5.2
2.02.8
1.7
21%35%
18%
12%
13%5%
$8,790
77 years75 years
79 years
$36,110
$31,892
© 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning
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47 years77 years
8%81%
15%
83%
10%98%
2%99%
10%52%
$15$3
1.25.8
1900
2000
Life expectancy
Married women workingoutside the home
High school graduates
Homes with flush toilets
Homes with electricity
Living in suburbs
Hourly manufacturing jobwage (adjusted for inflation)
Homocides per100,000 people
Figure 10-11Page 181
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Figure 10-12aPage 182
Extremely Effective
Highly Effective
Total abstinence
Sterilization
Vaginal ring
IUD with slow-releasehormones
IUD plus spermicide
Vaginal pouch(“female condom”)
IUD
Condom (good brand)plus spermicide
Oral contraceptive
100%
99.6%
98-99%
98%
98%
97%
95%
95%
93%
© 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning
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Figure 10-12bPage 182
Effective
Cervical cap
Condom (good brand)
Diaphragm plusspermicide
Rhythm method (Billings,Sympto-Thermal)
Vaginal sponge impreg-nated with spermicide
Spermicide (foam)
89%
86%
84%
84%
83%
82%
© 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning
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Figure 10-12cPage 182
Moderately Effective
Unreliable
Spermicide (creams,jellies, suppositories) Rhythm method (dailytemperature readings)
Withdrawal
Condom (cheap brand)
Douche
Chance (no method)
75%
74%
74%
70%
40%
10%
© 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning
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2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
01820 1840 18801860 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2010
Year
Nu
mb
er o
f le
gal
imm
igra
nts
(th
ou
san
ds)
1907
1914New laws restrict immigration
Great Depression
Figure 10-13Page 183
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Male Female
Rapid GrowthGuatemala
NigeriaSaudi Arabia
Slow GrowthUnited States
AustraliaCanada
Male Female
Ages 0-14 Ages 15-44 Ages 45-85+
Figure 10-14a Page 184
© 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning
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Zero GrowthSpainAustriaGreece
Negative GrowthGermanyBulgariaSweden
Male Female Male Female
Ages 0-14 Ages 15-44 Ages 45-85+
Figure 10-14bPage 184
© 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning
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Click to view animation.
Animation
Examples of age structure interaction
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6
100+
95-99
90-94
85-89
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
Male
Female
Percent of population 1900
Ag
e
Figure 10-15a Page 1855 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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Figure 10-15b Page 185
100+
95-99
90-94
85-89
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
Male
Female
Percent of population 2000
Ag
e
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
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Figure 10-15c Page 185
100+
95-99
90-94
85-89
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
Male
Female
Percent of population 2050
Ag
e
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
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300 200 100 0 100 200 300
85+
80-85
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
Male Female
Population (millions)
Ag
e
Developed Countries
Figure 10-16a Page 185
© 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning
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300 200 100 0 100 200 300
85+
80-85
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
Male Female
Population (millions)
Ag
e
Developing Countries
Figure 10-16b Page 185
© 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning
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Population(2004)
Populationprojected
(2025)
Infantmortality
rate
Lifeexpectancy
Fertilityrate (TFR)
%Populationunder
age 15
% Populationover
age 65
Per capitaGNI PPP
294 million179 million
137 million
349 million211 million
206 million
6.733
100
77 years
71 years52 years
2.02.2
5.7
21%30%
44%
12%6%
3%
$36,110$7,450
$800
United States (highly developed)
Brazil (moderately developed)
Nigeria (less developed)
Figure 10-17Page 186
© 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning
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Age Age
Females Males
1955
201612
84
48
1216
20
2420
1612
84
48
1216 20
24
Females Males
1985
Millions MillionsFigure 10-18a
Page 186
© 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning
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Age
2420
1612
84
48
1216 20
20
Females Males
Age
Females Males
1955
2420
1612
84
48
1216 20
20
2035
MillionsMillionsFigure 10-18b
Page 186
© 2004 Brooks/Cole – Thomson Learning
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Click to view animation.
Animation
U.S. age structure interaction.
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40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
01950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050 2070 2090 2110 2130 2150
Year
Ag
e D
istr
ibu
tio
n (
%)
Under age 15 Age 60 or over Age 80 or over
Figure 10-19Page 187
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Low
High
Rel
ati
ve
po
pu
lati
on
siz
e
Bir
th r
ate
an
d d
eath
rat
e(n
um
ber
per
1,0
00 p
er
yea
r)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Stage 1Preindustrial
Stage 2Transitional
Stage 3Industrial
Stage 4Postindustrial
Low Increasing Very high Decreasing Low Zero Negative
Birth rate
Total population
Death rate
Figure 10-20Page 189
Growth rate over time
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Click to view animation.
Animation
Demographic transition model interaction.
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4:45 A.M.Wake,wash, andeat
5:00 A.M.-5:30 A.M.Walk tofields
3:00 P.M.-4:00 P.M.Collectfirewood
4:00 P.M.-5:30 P.M.Pound andgrind corn
5:30 A.M.-3:00 P.M.Work infields
5:30 P.M.-6:30 P.M.Collectwater
6:30 P.M.-8:30 P.M.Cook forfamily andeat
8:30 P.M.-9:30 P.M.Washdishesand children
9:30 P.M.Go to bed
Figure 10-21Page 190
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Percentageof world
population
Population
Population (2025)(estimated)
Illiteracy (%of adults)
Population under age 15(%)
Population growth rate (%)
Total fertility rate
Infant mortality rate
Life expectancy
GDP PPP per capita
17%20%
1.1 billion1.3 billion
1.4 billion
1.4 billion
47%17%
36%
22%
1.7%0.6%
3.1 children per woman (down from 5.3 in 1970)1.7 children per woman (down from 5.7 in 1972)
6432
62 years
71 years
$2,650
$4,520
IndiaChina
Figure 10-22Page 191