1

Motivation: CancerKrav til beamAcceleratorer til partikel terapiDF/SAG accelerator systemetOpsummering

SIEMENS/DANFYSIKPartikel Terapi acceleratoren

SSøøren Pape Mren Pape MøøllerllerDANFYSIKDANFYSIK

http://cern.ch/AccelConf/p07/PAPERS/THPMN004.PDF

2

Dose and intensity• Range of 30 cm →• Proton energy: (50-)250 MeV• Carbon energy: (100-)430 MeV/u=5GeV

• Dose of 2 Gy (=J/kg) in 2(10) l in 2 min. →• Particle intensity 6⋅1011 p in 2 min

or 2⋅1010 C in 2 min

3

Lineær accelerator

Synkrotron

Cyclotron

Acceleratorer til PT

4

SIEMENS (DANFYSIK)heavy-ion therapy

5

18t

Ø8m

SAG-DF-MTA gantry

6

Udfordringer ved et PT anlæg

• Kompleksitet• Pålidelighed - QA• Økonomi• Logistik

7

SIEMENS/DANFYSIK PT system

10m

8

DF-SAG facility

9

Semi-vertical beamline

10

PT RKA

11<0.1%Variations in mean energy from synchrotron

<30%Integral intensity (fill)

<0.5 mmPosition variations at isocenter (including feedback)

<20%Beam width at variations at isocenter

<3Max/min intensity for faster sampling (down to 10 µs)

<+30%/-50%Extracted intensity (300 ms) sampling

Stability during spill

0.001-1Intensity variation

1⋅109Maximum number of carbon ions at end of HEBT per spill

4⋅1010Maximum number of protons at end of HEBT per spill

>95-98%System uptime

<8 s (TBC)Time to switch beam from room to room

<5 s (TBC)Time for energy change (stop extraction to start extraction)

<10 s (up to 30 s)Extraction time from synchrotron

<1 sRamping time of synchrotron to highest magnetic field

<10 sTime to change between ion species

88-430 MeV/uCarbon ion energy range

48-250 MeV/uProton energy range

Main specs. to the PT accelerator system

12

DF-SAG facility

15mA

0mA

Un-separated DC beam from sourceH3

+, H2+, H+, …

C4+, …

8 keV/amu

13

DF-SAG facility

2mA

0mA

Separated DC beamH3

+

C4+

8 keV/amu

14

DF-SAG facility

2mA

0mA

Separated chopped beam

200μs

5 Hz

8 keV/amu

15

DF-SAG facility

2mA

0mA

Bunched beam acceleration in LINAC

216MHz

200μs

..…………...

7 MeV/amu

16

DF-SAG facility

100mA

0mA

10-turn multiturn injection into synchrotron

2μsH+, C6+

stripper

7 MeV/amu

17

DF-SAG facility

20mA

0mA

Synchrotron acceleration during 1 s

..…

1-7 MHz

7-430 MeV/amu

18

DF-SAG facility

0.1pA-10nA

0

Extraction of DC beam

50-430 MeV/amu

19

LEBT, RFQ, LINAC, MEBT samt injektion

20

LEBT

21

ECR Ion Source

22

23

Beam after ion source

24

IS + LEBT i Heidelberg

25

LEBT

•Macro-pulsechopper

26

27

Solenoide

28

RFQ + LINAC

29

IH-accelerator

• 56 accelerating gaps within 3.8 m

• Accelerates from 400 keV/u to 7 MeV/u

• About 850kW of RF power needed

30

HIT-IH Cavity

31

Electric field IH-cavity

32

Magnetic field IH-cavity

33

Fields inside the IH-cavity

34

LINAC quadrupoles

Ramped lenses with 5Hz

15ms ramp-up-time, 3ms flat-top, 25ms ramp-down-time

35

The RF-system consists of:

- 200 kW amplifier at 0,5% duty cycle

- 1,4 MW amplifier at 0,5% duty cycle

- 4 kW amplifier at 0,5% duty cycle

Photos byHIT

RF amplifiers

36

Radial Envelopes

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

-5

0

5ra

dial

env

elop

es x

and

y [m

m]

z[cm] beamaxis

-35° -35° -35°0° 0° 0°

L L

37

MEBT

Vertical correctors

chopper

Injection septum

Stripper foil

debuncher

38

MEBTHorizontal beam envelope [m] versus distance [m]

Vertical beam envelope [m] versus distance [m]

Note: Linear optics

0.000

0.000

14.574

14.574

0.025000

0.025000

-0.025000

-0.025000

Betatron envelope Momentum envelope

39

Chopper

slit

bend chop bend

40

Charge separation

The most closely spaced ions, from a not complete stripping process, will be O7+ and O8+.

41

MEBT 25° dipole

42

Debuncher

Beam at the stripper:

After the debuncher:

43

DF synchrotron

Bumper

Elektrostatiskinjektionsseptum

Elektrostatiskekstraktionsseptum

Magnetiskeekstraktionssepta

44

Synchrotron

BumperElektrostatiske septaMagnetiske septaBeam position monitor

Beam strøm transformereFluorescerende skærmeLong. og transv. pickupsExciter elektroderScrapers

45

Synchrotron dipole

46

Non-linear EFB variation, Pre-prototype exit, y=0, 100%

-0.00100

-0.00080

-0.00060

-0.00040

-0.00020

0.00000

0.00020

0.00040

0.00060

0.00080

0.00100

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

x (mm)

dLre

s/Lh

alf (

T)

dLres/LhalfdInt_Rel Calculated

Maximum field, Pre-prototype exit, y=0, 100%

-0.00500

-0.00400

-0.00300

-0.00200

-0.00100

0.00000

0.00100

0.00200

0.00300

0.00400

0.00500

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

x (mm)

dB0/

B0 (T

)

dB0/B0dB/B0 Calculate

47

Electrostatic injection septum

48

ElectrostaticExtraction septum

49

Magnetic extraction septum

50

Extraction straight section

51

Synchrotron sextupole

52

Synchrotron cycle

•0

•0,2

•0,4

•0,6

•0,8

•1

•1,2

•0 •1 •2 •3 •4 •5 •6 •7

•time (s)

•B/B

max

•low-energy protons•high-energy protons•low-energy carbon•high-energy carbon

•"chimney"

•dB•/•dt•/•Bmax •=1/s

•Extraction•1-10s

•Injection

53

Beam envelope at injection

54

Injection bump

Bumper magnet #1 #2 #33.2 mrad. 6.3 mrad. 7.6 mrad.

septum

55

Bumper supply

time

Magnetic field

18 μs

Turn 4 15

56

Multi-Turn-Injection

57

Synchrotron cavity

2.5 kV

Rf: 1-7 MHz

Omløbsfrekvens 0.5-3.5 MHz

58

Synchrotron dump

Vertical beam envelope [m] versus distance [m]

Note: Linear optics

11.220 18.422

0.040000

-0.040000

Betatron envelope Momentum envelope

Note: Linear optics

0.000 64.800

0.025000

-0.025000

59

Slow Extraction

60

HEBT

61

HEBT

Survey-Plot [mm] 108000

HC

HS

1

HC

VS

1

HC

HS

2

HC

VS

2H

CP

G1

HC

HS

3

HC

HS

4

HC

VS

4H

CP

G2

HC

PG3

HC

HS

5

HC

VS5

HC

PG4

H1PGT

H2PGT

H3PGT

H4H

S1

H4V

S1

H4H

S2

H4V

S2

H4P

G2

H4HS3

H4VS3

H4PGT

62

Fast Beam Abort System

63

HEBT

64

Vertical beamline for Japan

HC

HS

3

HC

HS

4H

CQ

D6

HC

QF7

HC

VS

4H

CP

G2

H1B

M1

HC

QF8

HC

QD

9H

CP

G3

H2B

M1

HC

HS

5H

CQ

DA

HC

QFB

HC

VS

5H

CP

G4

H4BM

1

H4BM2

H4HS1

H4QF1H4QD2

H4VS1H4BM3

H4BM

4

H4H

S2

H4Q

F3H

4QD

4H

4VS

2

H4P

G2

H4B

M5

H4B

M6

H4H

S3

H4V

S3

H4Q

D5

H4Q

F6H

4SC

VH

4SC

H H4B

M7

H4BM8

H4BM9

H4PGTISO-TR4

H3B

M1

65

HEBT quadrupole

66

HEBT beam + conditioninge

time

Magnetic field

2s

67SHZ1-L/R-01 FCP1-L/R-01 VSC1-L/R-01

SHZ1-L/L-01 FCP1-L/L-01 VSC1-L/L-01

PRF1-L/R-01 (DCCT - in review)

PRF1-L/L-01 (DCCT - in review)SHZ1-L/C-01 SVT1-L/C-01 PRF1-L/C-01

RFQ

Chopper1

DTL

D Switch

D AnalyserD Analyser

Source

Source

D 25 degr

D 25 degr

DQVst

D

QVst

Q

[ PU1 Siemens ]

SHZ1-L/C-02 FCP2-L/C-01 PRF1-L/C-02

PU1-M-01 PRF1-M-01 FCT1-M-01

PU1-M-02

D inflectD

D

D

D

DD

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

QQ

QQ QQ QQQ

Vst

Q

ScnXY ScnXY ScnXY

DQQ

Q S

Debuncher

Chopper2

SHZ2-M-01 FCP2-M-02 PRF1-M-02

PU1-M-03 FCT1-M-02 PRF1-M-04 FCP2-M-03

PRF1-M-03

RF cavity

QS

QVst

Q

QSDCCT2-S-01 FCT2-S-01

BPM1-S-06

BPM1-S-01

BPM1-S-02

BPM1-S-03

BPM1-S-04

BPM1-S-05

BLM1-S-01

BLM1-S-02

BLM1-S-03

SLM1-S-02(Schottky PU)

SLM1-S-01(BTF exciter)

SLM1-S-03(KO exciter)

SQ

SCP1-S-01

VSC2-S-01

VSC2-S-02

MWPC1-H/C-01ION1-H/C-01

SNT1-H/C-01

SCP2-H/C-01

Q Vst

Q S

MWPC1-H/C-02ION1-H/C-02

SNT1-H/C-02

MWPC1-H/V1-01ION1-H/V1-01

SNT1-H/V1-01

Mag sept

[ BAMS ]

VSC2-H/C-01VSC2-H/V1-01

Rev: 8 Date: 07 Nov 2006Drn: JG Chk:

Sol

Q

QQQ

Sol

QQ

QQQ

Q

Sol

D v corr

QQ

ES septum

SS1

SS2

Inj bumper 1

SS3

Vst

SS4

SS5

SS6

ES septS

Mag sept

Inj bumper 2

Inj bumper 3

Fast AbortQ QQ

D

QQQ

DD

DD

D

D

QQ

D

ScnXY

[ BAMS ] [ BAMS ]

[ BAMS ]

Stripper

FCP2-M-01

MWPC1-H/C-03ION1-H/C-03

SNT1-H/C-03

MWPC1-H/C-04ION1-H/C-04

SNT1-H/C-04

Hst Hst HstHst VstHst

Vst

H/Vst

QQHst Vst QQHst Vst QQHst Vst

QQHst

SHZ2-M-02

SHZ1-L/R-02 FCP1-L/R-02

SHZ1-L/L-02 FCP1-L/L-02

sa, sa pa pa

pa

sa, sa pa

sa, sa pa pa

pa

sa, sa pa

sa, sa sa, sa pa

sa, sa pa pa

pa pa

pa

sa pa pa

sa

pa

pa pa pa

pa

pa

pa

pa

papa

pa

pa

pa

pa

pa

pa

pa

pa

Key

[ Device acronym Device subtype # - Region/Subregion - Sequential # ]

Regions Diagnostic devicesL LEBT: Acronym LE ME SY HE Qty Description

/L Left-hand source arm BLM 3 3 Beam loss monitor/R Right-hand source arm BPM 6 6 Beam position monitor, X,Y (with Schottky o/p)/C Common section DCCT1 0 (2) 0 DC (parametric) current transformer (2: in review)

DCCT2 1 1 DC current transformer integrated with FCT M MEBT: FCP1 4 4 Faraday cup high power (cooled)S Synchrotron FCP2 1 3 4 Faraday cup low power (uncooled)H HEBT FCT1 2 2 AC current transformer

/C Common section FCT2 1 1 AC current transformer integrated with DCCT /H1 Horizontal line 1 ION 5 5 Ionisation chamber (3 with readout)/H2 Horizontal line 2 MWPC 5 5 Multiwire prop chamber/H3 Horizontal line 3 PRF 4 4 8 Profile grid harp array, in vacuum/V1 Vertical line 1 PU 3 3 Capacitive pickup, non-position sensitive

SCP1 1 1 Scraper (synchrotron beam dump)SCP2 1 1 Scraper (Fast abort beam dump)

Other devices SHZ1 6 6 Horizontal slit pairRFQ Radio frequency quadrupole SHZ2 2 2 Horizontal slit single bladeDTL Drift tube linac SVT 1 1 Vertical slit pairChopper1 200us chopper SLM 3 3 Stripline xy (RF exciter or Schottky PU)Chopper2 36us chopper SNT 5 5 Scintillator, pulse countingAmag Analyser magnet (m,q) VSC1 2 2 Viewing screen, tantalum, high powerD Dipole magnet VSC2 2 1 3 Viewing screen, phosphor, dual positionHst Horizontal steerer magnetVst Vertical sterrer magnet ActuatorsQ Quadrupole magnet sa 14 2 16 Stepper axisS Sextupole pa 11 9 2 12 34 Pneumatic axisScnXY Scan magnets, X,YBAMS

Excludes items in Siemens scope (qty 1 PU)

68

Faraday Cup

69

AC DC transformer

70

Profile Grid in LEBT/MEBT

71

Slits/scraper/stripper cooled/uncooled

72

Phase Probe for MEBT

73

Beam Position Monitor

74

Schottky probe

75

Beam Loss Monitor

76

Scintillation counter in HEBT

77

MWPC in HEBT

78

Ionisation chamber

79

Fluorescent screen in HEBT

80

Accelerator Control System

• Eckelmann