Post on 07-Feb-2016
description
Ship Propulsion SystemsShip Propulsion Systems
STEAMSTEAM
DIESELDIESEL
OTHEROTHER
ConventionalConventional
NuclearNuclear
Slow SpeedSlow Speed
Medium SpeedMedium Speed
Gas TurbineGas Turbine
Combined CycleCombined Cycle
STEAM PROPULSIONSTEAM PROPULSION
Main Steam CycleMain Steam Cycle
Generation segmentGeneration segment
Expansion segmentExpansion segment
Condensate segmentCondensate segment
Feedwater segmentFeedwater segment
WH
H
WH
WH
Main Steam CycleMain Steam CycleGENERATION EXPANSION
CONDENSATEFEEDWATER
HP liquid HP liquid HP vapor HP vapor
Superheat HP vaporSuperheat HP vapor HP vapor HP vapor LP vapor LP vapor
Thermal Thermal Mechanical Mechanical
LP vapor LP vapor LP liquid LP liquid
Begin raising Temp & Begin raising Temp & PressPress
LP liquid LP liquid HP liquid HP liquid
continue raising continue raising Temp & PressTemp & Press
Mn Stm CycleMn Stm CycleGEN EXP
CONDFWTR
Saturated vapor:600 psig; 490oFBOILER
SUPERHEATER
Superheated vapor:590 psig; 880oF
Aux steam
TG steam
MAIN STM
HP
LP
MAIN ENGINE
Exhaust StmSaturated vapor:28.5”Hg; 92oF
MAIN CONDENSER
Saturated liquid:28.5”Hg; 92oF
Main Condensate PumpMain Feed
Pump
HP Heaters
LP Heaters
90oFDC HTR
50 psig
650 - 750 psig
Mn Stm CycleMn Stm CycleEXP
CONDFWTR
HP
LP
MAIN ENGINE
Exhaust Stm
MAIN CONDENSER
Main Condensate PumpMain Feed
Pump
HP Heaters
LP Heaters
DC HTR
BOILER
SUPERHEATER
Aux steam
TG steam
MAIN STMGEN
DRUM TYPE BOILER (TSES VI)DRUM TYPE BOILER (TSES VI)
FURNACE
FURNACE
AIRFUEL
DRUM TYPE BOILER (TSES VI)DRUM TYPE BOILER (TSES VI)
GENERATING TUBES
WATER-WALL TUBES
WATERDRUM
STEAMDRUM
DRUM TYPE BOILER (TSES VI)DRUM TYPE BOILER (TSES VI)
DRUM TYPE BOILER (TSES IV)DRUM TYPE BOILER (TSES IV)
MAIN STEAM STOP VALVE
TG STEAM STOP VALVE
AUX STEAM STOP VALVE
SU
PER
HEA
TER
SA
FETY V
ALV
E
SU
PER
HEA
TER
VEN
T V
ALV
E
Mn Stm CycleMn Stm CycleEXP
CONDFWTR
MAIN CONDENSER
Main Condensate PumpMain Feed
Pump
HP Heaters
LP Heaters
DC HTR
BOILER
SUPERHEATER
Aux steam
TG steam HP
LP
MAIN ENGINE
Exhaust Stm
MAIN STMGEN
Axial Flow TurbineAxial Flow Turbine
Stm. VELOCITY
Stm. PRESSURE
3 Stage, Impulse Turbine3 Stage, Impulse Turbine
Nozzles are stationary, fixed in a nozzle diaphragm attached to the turbine casing
Blades move, fitting in a wheel attached to the rotor shaft
A Stage consists of a set of nozzles & a set of blades
NOZZEL DIAPHRAGMS
BLADE WHEELS
HP
LP
MAIN ENGINE
Exhaust Stm
MAIN STM
Mn Stm CycleMn Stm CycleEXP
COND
MAIN CONDENSER
Main Condensate Pump
LP HeatersFWTR
Main Feed Pump
HP HeatersDC HTR
BOILER
SUPERHEATERGEN
Aux steam
TG steam
LP Turbine Casing
HP Turbine Casing
X-over
Steam Chest
Mn Stm CycleMn Stm Cycle
HP
LP
MAIN ENGINE
Exhaust Stm
MAIN STM EXP
TSES arrangement
AHEAD STEAM
ASTERN STEAM
TSES VI HP TurbineTSES VI HP Turbine9 impulse stages9 impulse stages
STEAM CHEST
CROSS - OVERTo LP Turbine
HP BLEED6th Stage Extraction
IP BLEEDcross-over Extraction
TSES VI LP TurbineTSES VI LP Turbine4 impulse, 1 Transition, & 4 impulse, 1 Transition, & 4 reaction stages4 reaction stages
Astern TurbineAstern Turbine1 Curtiss & 1 Impulse 1 Curtiss & 1 Impulse stagestage
CR
OS
S -
OV
ER
Fro
m H
P T
urb
ine
LP BLEED
ASTERN STEAM
EXHAUST TRUNKTo Main Condenser
AHEAD ROTATION
ASTERN ROTATION
Determining Sea Speed –Determining Sea Speed – nozzle control valvesnozzle control valves
LP Turbine Casing
HP Turbine Casing
X-over
Steam Chest
Nozzle Control Valves
Sea Speed – long duration (e.g., port to port) as opposed to maneuvering
Throttle at fixed position (usually wide open)
Nozzle C.V. opens a chamber to a set number of 1st stage nozzles
Number of nozzles open corresponds to a particular engine RPM and hence sea speed9
14
124
11stst Stage Nozzle Control Valves Stage Nozzle Control Valves
9
12
4 + 9 = 13
14
Maneuvering –Maneuvering – Ahead & Astern ThrottlesAhead & Astern Throttles
LP Turbine Casing
HP Turbine Casing
X-over
AHEAD THROTTLE
ASTERN THROTTLE
ASTERN GUARDIAN VALVE
Fixed Number of Nozzles
Maneuvering –Maneuvering – Ahead & Astern ThrottlesAhead & Astern Throttles
LP Turbine Casing
HP Turbine Casing
X-over
AHEAD THROTTLE
ASTERN THROTTLE
ASTERN GUARDIAN VALVE
Fixed Number of Nozzles
Main Feed Pump
HP Heaters
HP
LP
MAIN ENGINE
Exhaust Stm
MAIN STM
Mn Stm CycleMn Stm CycleEXP
CONDFWTR
Aux steam
TG steam
BOILER
SUPERHEATERGEN
MAIN CONDENSER
Main Condensate Pump
LP Heaters
DC HTR
(Shell & Tube) HEAT EXCHANGER(Shell & Tube) HEAT EXCHANGER
FLUID 1 gives up heat
FLUID 2 absorbs heat from FLUID 1
Either 1 or 2 may be the PRIMARY FLUID
Either fluid may be inside or outside tubes, but there is no direct contact
COOLCOLD
HOT
WARM
FLUID 2
FLUID 1
HEATER:HEATER: Primary fluid does not change phase, but Primary fluid does not change phase, but increases in temperature (sensible heat)increases in temperature (sensible heat)– Example: Fuel Oil Example: Fuel Oil HeaterHeater
COOLER:COOLER: Primary fluid does not change phase, Primary fluid does not change phase, but decreases in temperature (sensible heat)but decreases in temperature (sensible heat)– Example: Lube Oil Example: Lube Oil CoolerCooler
EVAPORATOR:EVAPORATOR: Primary fluid changes from liquid Primary fluid changes from liquid to vapor (absorbs latent heat)to vapor (absorbs latent heat)
CONDENSER:CONDENSER: Primary fluid changes from vapor to Primary fluid changes from vapor to liquid (gives up latent heat)liquid (gives up latent heat)
(Shell & Tube) HEAT EVCHANGER(Shell & Tube) HEAT EVCHANGER
MAIN CONDENSERMAIN CONDENSER
MAIN CIRCULATING
PUMP
MAIN CONDENSATE
PUMP
S.W. ovbd
Air drag line
To AIR EJECTOR
MAIN AIR MAIN AIR EJECTOREJECTOR
CONDENSATE to 1st stage
heater
CONDENSATE from Main
Cond. Pump
JET PUMP (1st Stage)
AUX STEAM (150 psig)
AIR (VACUUM) DRAG LINE
Return to CONDENSER via LOOP SEAL
JET PUMP (2ndt Stage)
Drain to ADT
AIR VENT
INTER- CONDENSER
10–15 “Hg (VAC)0
AFTER- CONDENSER
~ 1 Atm
11stst STAGE STAGE HEATERHEATER
CONDENSATE from AIR EJECTOR
CONDENSATE to DC HEATER
LP Turbine Bleed
(actual) 1st STAGE HEATER
(1st STAGE) DRAIN COOLER
3 Heat Exchangers3 Heat Exchangers in one casingin one casing
GLAND EXHAUST
COND
DCDC (Direct Contact) (Direct Contact) HeaterHeater
Condensate from
1st STG HTR
Auxiliary Exhaust Steam
FEEDWATER approx.
15 psig; 250oF
To FEED PUMP SUCTION
Scrubbing action of steam Scrubbing action of steam removes dissolved Oremoves dissolved O22 from from
condensatecondensate
DC Heater also called DC Heater also called Dearation Feed Tank (Dearation Feed Tank (DFTDFT))
Acts as surge tank in Acts as surge tank in system (accommodates system (accommodates surplus or deficit of surplus or deficit of working fluid)working fluid)
Located high in machinery Located high in machinery space, provides positive head space, provides positive head to Feed Pumpto Feed Pump
MAIN FEED PUMP(S)MAIN FEED PUMP(S)
TURBINE
EXH VALVE
STEAM SUPP LY VALVE
DISCH MAIN FEED
DISCH AUX FEED
SUCT VALVE
PORT BLR
PORT BLR
STBD BLR
STBD BLR
PUMP
From DC HTR
Recirc to DC HTR
AUX EXHAUST to DC HTR
almost there ….almost there ….
(Port Boiler)ECONOMIZER
Stop/ Check V.
MAIN FEED
AUX. FEED
Stop Valve
To Stm Drum
FW Reg. Valve
Economizer location….Economizer location….
FWTR
Main Feed Pump
ECONOMIZER
DC HTR
BOILER
SUPERHEATER
Aux steam
TG steam
GENMn Steam
Mn Stm CycleMn Stm CycleGEN EXP
CONDFWTR
BOILER
SUPERHEATER
Aux steam
TG steam
MAIN STM
HP
LPMAIN ENGINE
Exhaust Stm
MAIN CONDENSER
AE
Main Condensate PumpMain Feed
Pump
Economizer
DC HTR
1st
VAPOR
LIQUID
885oF
90oF
Mn Stm CycleMn Stm CycleGEN EXP
CONDFWTR
BOILER
SUPERHEATER
Aux steam
TG steam
MAIN STM
HP
LPMAIN ENGINE
Exhaust Stm
600 psig
MAIN CONDENSER
AE
Main Condensate PumpMain Feed
Pump
Economizer
DC HTR650 - 750 psig
50 psig
15 psig
1st
28.5 “Hg
585 psig
40 psig
92oF
490oF
120oF
585 psig
240oF
160oF
380oF