Post on 23-Dec-2015
SEMINAR ON
FM STEREO & SATELLITE BROADCASTING
30TH APRIL, 2009
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS, ISLAMABAD
HOSTED BY: ENGR. MUHAMMAD SARFRAZ ALAM
FM BROADCAST BAND
• 88 – 108 MHZ
• No. of channels: 200
• Band width of a FM Station: 200 KHZ
• Frequency Deviation: + 75 KHZ
• Total Swing: 150 KHZ
• Safe Band: +25 KHZ
STANDARD FIELD STRENGTH REQUIRED FOR
BIG CITIES 72 db u 1210 uv/m
URBAN CENTRES 60 db u 1000 uv/m
RURAL AREAS 34 db u 50 uv/m
If sound mixer has one output channel ,even if there are many inputs the result will be mono sound.
With mono technique, only depth in sound can be created
But we don’t know which source is on the left or right of microphone.
So mono technique creates 1d sound.
To create Directions to sound sources
we must have : TWQ channels to carry the sound
Two outputs in a sound mixer
Two channels in all THE SOUND equipment.
It creates two dimensional sound.
It produces a SOUND PANAROMA between loudspeakers.
3d sound can be produced with the technique of DUMMY HEAD STEREO.
It works only on head phone.
It is not compatible to loud speakers.
FM STATIONS IN RAWALPINDI/ ISLAMABAD
FREQUENCY
(MHZ)
STATION TIMINGS
89.00 Private 24 hours
90.60 IIUI 1500 – 1600
91.00 Radio One 24 hours
91.60 AIOU 1100-1300
1530-1730
93.00 PBC 24 hours.
95.00 PBC News Frequent
96.00 Private Testing
96.60 FJWU 1200 – 1500
97.00 Sunrise 24 hours
FREQUENCY
(MHZ)
STATION TIMINGS
98.00 PBC Rwp. 24 hours
99.00 Power FM 24 hours
100.00 Private 24 hours.
101.00 PBC Ibd. 24 hours
102.00 Private
103.000 PBC 24 hours
104.60 NUML 0830 – 1100
1300-1600
105.20 Rawalakot 24 hours.
106.20 HUM 24 hours
Examples
T x 10kw 10dBkN 80% -1dB attenuation
4 Bay Antena from table 10.2P 8kw 6.1dBA.G. 4 Bay4.1 power gainerp 32kw 200ft higherp = 10-1+6 = 15dBSFS-erp = 60-15 = 45dB
20 mileSFS-erp = 34-15 = 19dB
T x 2kw 2.5dB
n 80% -1dB feeder line attenuation
AG 4 Bay 4 6.1dB, 200 ft high
Erp = 2.5-1+6.1 = 1.5+6.1 = 7.6 dB
SFS-erp = 34-7.6 = 26.4 dB, coverage 50 mile
SFS-erp = 60-7.6 = 52.4 dB
15 mils
T x 1kw 0dB
T/2 n 80% -1dB
AG 4 Bay 6.1 dB
erp = 0-1+6.1 = 5.1 dB
SFS – erp = 34-5.1 = 28.9 dB 45 mile
60-5.1 = 54.9 dB 12mile
Establishment of FM Radio Stations Site/Building:
The FM Radio Station may be established in a building having an area of about one to two Kanal. Following accommodation is required:-
1. Room size: 16’x20’ for the studio2. Room size: 12’x14’ for transmitter and allied
equipment.3. Room size: 12’x14’ for computer/server and audio
library4. Room size: 12’x14’ for sales office5. Room size: 12’x12’ administration/accounts office6. Room size: 16’x20’ for programme staff.
Open plot of 12’x12’ is required for the erection of 150’ high self supporting mast.
Equipment: 1 KW FM Transmitter along with antenna,
transmission line (100 meter in length). Etc Rs.1.000 million 150 feet high self supporting mast: Rs.1.000 million Studio equipment comprising Microphone (4 Nos.) Rs.0.600 million
Digital Audio Console, CD/DVD Players (2 Nos)Dual Cassette Deck )2 Nos)Mini Disc Recorder (one for OB)Audio Rack, Monitor amplifier, Loud Speakers (4 Nos).
Computer, server, Ups 5 KVA, softwares, Rs.0.250 millionTime Delay Machine:
Studio Telephone Hybrid, Auto Telephone, Rs.0.100 millionVoltage Stabilizer (8 KVA)
Split Type Air Conditioner (6x1.5 Ton) Rs.0.180 million Diesel Generator 20KVA Rs.0.500 million Installation material for acoustic tr5eatment Rs.0.350 million
of studios, wires, cables and copper sheets. Office and studio furniture and furnishing. Rs.0.150 million Power supply connection charges: Rs.0.050 million Installation Engineers fee and albour charges, Rs.0.150 million
Transportation of equipment charges etc.Suzuki van with POL etc. Rs.0.600 million
Total Rs.4.930 million