SEMINAR ON

FM STEREO & SATELLITE BROADCASTING

30TH APRIL, 2009

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERS, ISLAMABAD

HOSTED BY: ENGR. MUHAMMAD SARFRAZ ALAM

FM BROADCAST BAND

• 88 – 108 MHZ

• No. of channels: 200

• Band width of a FM Station: 200 KHZ

• Frequency Deviation: + 75 KHZ

• Total Swing: 150 KHZ

• Safe Band: +25 KHZ

STANDARD FIELD STRENGTH REQUIRED FOR

BIG CITIES 72 db u 1210 uv/m

URBAN CENTRES 60 db u 1000 uv/m

RURAL AREAS 34 db u 50 uv/m

If sound mixer has one output channel ,even if there are many inputs the result will be mono sound.

With mono technique, only depth in sound can be created

But we don’t know which source is on the left or right of microphone.

So mono technique creates 1d sound.

To create Directions to sound sources

we must have : TWQ channels to carry the sound

Two outputs in a sound mixer

Two channels in all THE SOUND equipment.

It creates two dimensional sound.

It produces a SOUND PANAROMA between loudspeakers.

3d sound can be produced with the technique of DUMMY HEAD STEREO.

It works only on head phone.

It is not compatible to loud speakers.

FM STATIONS IN RAWALPINDI/ ISLAMABAD

FREQUENCY

(MHZ)

STATION TIMINGS

89.00 Private 24 hours

90.60 IIUI 1500 – 1600

91.00 Radio One 24 hours

91.60 AIOU 1100-1300

1530-1730

93.00 PBC 24 hours.

95.00 PBC News Frequent

96.00 Private Testing

96.60 FJWU 1200 – 1500

97.00 Sunrise 24 hours

FREQUENCY

(MHZ)

STATION TIMINGS

98.00 PBC Rwp. 24 hours

99.00 Power FM 24 hours

100.00 Private 24 hours.

101.00 PBC Ibd. 24 hours

102.00 Private

103.000 PBC 24 hours

104.60 NUML 0830 – 1100

1300-1600

105.20 Rawalakot 24 hours.

106.20 HUM 24 hours

Examples

T x 10kw 10dBkN 80% -1dB attenuation

4 Bay Antena from table 10.2P 8kw 6.1dBA.G. 4 Bay4.1 power gainerp 32kw 200ft higherp = 10-1+6 = 15dBSFS-erp = 60-15 = 45dB

20 mileSFS-erp = 34-15 = 19dB

T x 2kw 2.5dB

n 80% -1dB feeder line attenuation

AG 4 Bay 4 6.1dB, 200 ft high

Erp = 2.5-1+6.1 = 1.5+6.1 = 7.6 dB

SFS-erp = 34-7.6 = 26.4 dB, coverage 50 mile

SFS-erp = 60-7.6 = 52.4 dB

15 mils

T x 1kw 0dB

T/2 n 80% -1dB

AG 4 Bay 6.1 dB

erp = 0-1+6.1 = 5.1 dB

SFS – erp = 34-5.1 = 28.9 dB 45 mile

60-5.1 = 54.9 dB 12mile

Establishment of FM Radio Stations Site/Building:

The FM Radio Station may be established in a building having an area of about one to two Kanal. Following accommodation is required:-

1. Room size: 16’x20’ for the studio2. Room size: 12’x14’ for transmitter and allied

equipment.3. Room size: 12’x14’ for computer/server and audio

library4. Room size: 12’x14’ for sales office5. Room size: 12’x12’ administration/accounts office6. Room size: 16’x20’ for programme staff.

Open plot of 12’x12’ is required for the erection of 150’ high self supporting mast.

Equipment: 1 KW FM Transmitter along with antenna,

transmission line (100 meter in length). Etc Rs.1.000 million 150 feet high self supporting mast: Rs.1.000 million Studio equipment comprising Microphone (4 Nos.) Rs.0.600 million

Digital Audio Console, CD/DVD Players (2 Nos)Dual Cassette Deck )2 Nos)Mini Disc Recorder (one for OB)Audio Rack, Monitor amplifier, Loud Speakers (4 Nos).

Computer, server, Ups 5 KVA, softwares, Rs.0.250 millionTime Delay Machine:

Studio Telephone Hybrid, Auto Telephone, Rs.0.100 millionVoltage Stabilizer (8 KVA)

Split Type Air Conditioner (6x1.5 Ton) Rs.0.180 million Diesel Generator 20KVA Rs.0.500 million Installation material for acoustic tr5eatment Rs.0.350 million

of studios, wires, cables and copper sheets. Office and studio furniture and furnishing. Rs.0.150 million Power supply connection charges: Rs.0.050 million Installation Engineers fee and albour charges, Rs.0.150 million

Transportation of equipment charges etc.Suzuki van with POL etc. Rs.0.600 million

Total Rs.4.930 million

Requirements for Computerized Studio-Make Slide

Thanks