Sculpture

It is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or

combining hard materials, typically stone such as marble,

metal, glass, or wood, or plastic materials such as clay, textiles, polymers and softer

metals.

Types of sculpture1. Free-standing sculpture or

round sculpture that has no background support. It is surrounded on all sides, except the base, by space. It is also known as sculpture "in the round", and is meant to be viewed from any angle.

The Dying Gaul", a Roman

marble copy of a Hellenistic

work of the late third century

BCE Capitoline Museums

, Rome

2. Light sculptureLight sculpture is an

intermedia and time based artform in which sculpture or any kind of art object produces light, or the reverse (in the sense that light is manipulated in such a way as to create a sculptural as opposed to temporal form or mass)

3. RELIEF• ThIS sculpture is still attached to a

background;Relief is a sculptured artwork where a

carved or modelled form is raised—or, in a sunken-relief, lowered—from

a plane from which the main elements of the composition project

(or sink).

a. BASS-RELIEF OR LOW RELIEF b. HIGH RELIEF

c. SUNKEN RELIEF

Sunken-relief, also known as intaglio or hollow-relief, is where the image is made by carving into a flat surface – usually

the images are mostly linear in nature.

d. Incised or engraved relief - jewelry

6. SITE-SPECIFIC SCULPTUREIt is artwork created to exist in a certain place.

Typically, the artist takes the location into account while planning and creating the artwork.

7. Kinetic sculpture• Kinetic art is art that contains

moving parts or depends on motion for its effect.[1] The moving parts are generally powered by wind, a motor or the observer. Kinetic art encompasses a wide variety of overlapping techniques and styles.

Ex. of kinetic sculptureA. fountain (from the Latin "fons" or "fontis", a

source or spring), or sometimes called water fountain, is a piece of architecture which pours water into a basin or jets it into the air either to supply drinking water or for decorative or dramatic effect.

8. Architectural sculpture

is the term for the use of sculpture by an architect and/or sculptor in the design

of a building, bridge, mausoleum or other such project. The sculpture is

usually integrated with the structure, but freestanding works that are part of the original design are also considered

to be architectural sculpture.

9. Environmental sculptureThe term environmental sculpture is variously defined. A development of the art of the 20th century, environmental sculpture usually creates or alters the environment for the viewer, as opposed to presenting itself figurally or monumentally before the viewer.

Land artEarthworks (coined by Robert Smithson), or Earth art

is an art movement which emerged in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s, in which landscape and the work of art are inextricably linked. It is also an art form that is created in nature, using natural materials such as Soil, Rock (bed rock, boulders, stones), organic media (logs, branches, leaves, and water with introduced materials such as concrete, metal, asphalt, mineral pigments.

MATERIALS IN SCULPTURE

• Sculptures are often painted, but commonly lose their paint to time, or

restorers. Many different painting techniques have been used in making

sculpture, including tempera, [oil painting], house paint, aerosol, enamel

and sandblasting

Bronze• Bronze is a metal alloy

consisting primarily of copper, usually with tin as the main additive, but sometimes with other elements such as phosphorus, manganese, aluminium, or silicon. It is hard and brittle, and it was particularly significant in antiquity, so much so that the Bronze Age was named after the metal.

Bronze Chola statue of Nataraja at the Metropolitan Museum of Art,

New York City

Limestone

• s a sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate: CaCO3).

Porphyry

is a variety of igneous rock consisting of

large-grained crystals, such as feldspar or

quartz, dispersed in a fine-grained

feldspathic matrix or groundmass.

Granite

is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, felsic, igneous rock. Granites usually have a medium to coarse grained texture. Occasionally some individual crystals (phenocrysts) are larger than the groundmass in which case the texture is known as porphyritic.

Gold

SILVER JADE

IVORY Glass

Hardwood

Terracotta, Terra cotta

(Italian: "baked earth",[1] from the Latin terra cocta) is a clay-based unglazed ceramic,[2] although the term can also be applied to glazed ceramics where the fired body is porous and red in color

ceramic

is an inorganic, non-metallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling.

Pewter

• is a malleable metal alloy, traditionally 85-99% tin, with the remainder consisting of copper, antimony, bismuth and lead.

ZINC

also known as spelter, is a metallic chemical element; it has the symbol Zn and atomic number 30.

PLASTER• This can refer to

gypsum plaster (also known as plaster of Paris), lime plaster, or cement plaster.

Sir Alfred Gilbert (12 August 1854 – 4 November 1934) was an English sculptor and goldsmith who enthusiastically experimented

with metallurgical innovations. He was a central — if idiosyncratic — participant in the

New Sculpture movement that invigorated sculpture in Britain at the end of the

nineteenth century.

PROCESS OF SCULPTURE

MODELING – IS USUALLY DONE BY THE USED OF THE BARE HANDS.

CLAY, PLASTIC PRODUCTS,PLASTIC OF PARISCEMENT

• CARVINGPROCESS WHEREIN THE

UNWANTED PARTS ARE CHISELED OFF OR CUT AWAY.

• PIECINGASSEMBLING TOGETHER ALL

PARTS TO FORM INTO THE ACTUAL SCULPTURAL WORK.

2 GENERAL SCULPTURAL PROCESSES

SUBTRACTIVE – TAKING AWAY THE UNNECESSARY PARTS.

ADDITIVE- FIXING TOGETHER.

Sumerian male worshiper, 2750-2600 B.C

Asian

A Liao Dynasty polychrome wood-carved statue of Guan Yin, Shanxi Province, China, (907-1125 AD)

CHINA

A wooden Bodhisattva from the Song Dynasty (960-1279)

• Wine jar, Western Zhou Dynasty (1050 BC-771 BC)

Terracotta Army soldier and horse from the Qin Dynasty

Japan

A frog and lizard battle in this contemporary sculpture in Matsumoto, Japan.

Central Asia

Fragment of the wind god Boreas,

Hadda, Afghanistan

.Gandhara Poseidon (Ancient Orient Museum)

South Asia

India

A Nepalese polychrome wooden statue of the Malla Kingdom, 14th century.

Africa

Europe

Michelangelo, "Pietà", 1499

Charioteer of Delphi, ancient Greek bronze statue, 5th century BCE, close up head detail

Giambologna, Rape of the Sabine Women, 1583, Florence, Italy, 13' 6" high, Marble

King Zygmunt Vasa column in

Warsaw, Poland