Post on 23-Oct-2021
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
9936
*S47564A03636*
Analyse the data to discuss possible correlation and causation in the relationship between the incidence of type 2 diabetes and the level of weekly exercise.
(4)
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(Total for Question 10 = 17 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 100 mARKS
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Bio
log
y A
Pap
er 2
Mar
k S
chem
e Q
uest
ion
Num
ber
Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
1(a
) •
Idea
tha
t {c
ell b
ody
/ ce
ntro
n} in
mid
dle
/ de
ndri
tes
at
both
end
s (1
)
(1)
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
1(b
) An
expl
anat
ion
that
mak
es r
efer
ence
to
five
of t
he f
ollo
win
g:
• re
fere
nce
to S
chw
ann
cells
cov
erin
g th
e ax
on in
mye
linat
ed
neur
one
(1)
•
{mye
lin/S
chw
ann
cells
} pr
ovid
e in
sula
tion
(1)
•
{act
ion
pote
ntia
l/de
pola
risi
on}
at n
odes
of
Ran
vier
(1)
•
loca
l cur
rent
s oc
cur
over
a lo
nger
dis
tanc
e (1
) •
refe
renc
e to
sal
tato
ry c
ondu
ctio
n (1
) •
impu
lse
jum
ps f
rom
nod
e to
nod
e (1
)
(5
) (T
otal
for
Que
stio
n 1
= 6
mar
ks)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
100
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
2(a
) B
(1
) Q
uest
ion
Num
ber
Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
2(b
) An
expl
anat
ion
that
mak
es r
efer
ence
to
thre
e of
the
fol
low
ing:
•
MR
I gi
ves
bett
er r
esol
utio
n (1
)
• th
eref
ore
mor
e de
tail
can
be s
een
(1)
• no
use
of
X–r
ays
(1)
• th
eref
ore
{saf
er /
less
ris
k of
mut
atio
n /
eq}
(1)
• th
eref
ore
can
be u
sed
mor
e of
ten
(1)
(3
) Q
uest
ion
Num
ber
Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
2(c
)
An
expl
anat
ion
that
mak
es r
efer
ence
to
the
follo
win
g:
• in
crea
sed
neur
al a
ctiv
ity
of {
cere
bellu
m /
cer
ebru
m}
(1)
• m
ore
oxyg
en n
eede
d so
incr
ease
in {
bloo
d flo
w /
ox
yhae
mog
lobi
n} (
1)
• le
ss {
radi
o w
ave
/ si
gnal
} ab
sorb
ed (
1)
(3
) (T
otal
for
Que
stio
n 2
= 7
mar
ks)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
101
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
3(a
) 17
.0 ÷
140
(1)
=
121.
43 c
m3
(1)
(2
) Q
uest
ion
Num
ber
Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
3(b
)(i)
An
expl
anat
ion
that
sho
ws
elem
ents
of
reas
onin
g /j
ustific
atio
n in
the
for
m o
f a
linke
d re
spon
se f
rom
the
fol
low
ing
poin
ts:
• th
e hi
gher
pre
ssur
e is
in t
he le
ft v
entr
icle
/ lo
wer
pre
ssur
e is
in t
he r
ight
ven
tric
le (
1)
•
beca
use
the
left
ven
tric
le h
as m
ore
mus
cle
(1)
• be
caus
e it n
eeds
a h
ighe
r pr
essu
re t
o ge
t bl
ood
thro
ugh
the
aort
a to
the
bod
y (e
xcep
t lu
ngs)
(1)
Allo
w a
ppro
pria
te s
truc
tura
l co
nseq
uent
ial c
omm
ents
for
rig
ht
vent
ricl
e.
(3)
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
3(b
)(ii
) D
(1)
(Tot
al f
or Q
uest
ion
3 =
6 m
arks
)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
102
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
4(a
)
B
(1
) Q
uest
ion
Num
ber
Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
4(b
)
D
(1
) Q
uest
ion
Num
ber
Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
4(c
) B
(1
) Q
uest
ion
Num
ber
Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
4(d
)(i)
B
(1
)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
103
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r In
dica
tive
con
tent
*4
(d)(
ii)
Ans
wer
s w
ill b
e cr
edited
acc
ordi
ng t
o ca
ndid
ate'
s de
ploy
men
t of
kno
wle
dge
and
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
the
mat
eria
l in
rela
tion
to
the
qual
itie
s an
d sk
ills
outlin
ed in
the
gen
eric
mar
k sc
hem
e.
The
indi
cative
con
tent
bel
ow is
not
pre
scri
ptiv
e an
d ca
ndid
ates
are
not
req
uire
d to
incl
ude
all t
he m
ater
ial w
hich
is
indi
cate
d as
rel
evan
t. A
dditio
nal c
onte
nt in
clud
ed in
the
res
pons
e m
ust
be s
cien
tific
and
rel
evan
t.
An
expl
anat
ion
that
mak
es r
efer
ence
to
the
follo
win
g:
• cy
anid
e in
hibi
ts c
ytoc
hrom
e ox
idas
e so
it c
an n
o lo
nger
acc
ept
elec
tron
s •
elec
tron
s st
op m
ovin
g al
ong
the
elec
tron
tra
nspo
rt c
hain
•
so n
o m
ovem
ent
of h
ydro
gen
ions
into
inte
rmem
bran
e sp
ace
•
so n
o m
ovem
ent
of p
roto
ns d
own
grad
ient
/ n
o ch
emio
smos
is
• N
AD
H/F
AD
H c
an n
o lo
nger
giv
e up
ele
ctro
ns a
nd r
egen
erat
e N
AD
/FAD
so
Kre
bs c
ycle
sto
ps
•
so n
o pr
oduc
tion
of
ATP
fro
m K
rebs
cyc
le o
r el
ectr
on t
rans
port
cha
in
• so
cel
lula
r pr
oces
ses
have
no
ener
gy s
ourc
e /
refe
renc
e to
nam
ed m
uscl
e co
ntra
ctio
n e.
g. h
eart
mus
cle
bein
g pr
even
ted
Leve
l M
ark
Des
crip
tor
0
No
awar
dabl
e co
nten
t Le
vel
1
1-2
Dem
onst
rate
s is
olat
ed e
lem
ents
of
biol
ogic
al k
now
ledg
e an
d un
ders
tand
ing
to t
he g
iven
con
text
with
gene
ralis
ed c
omm
ents
mad
e.
The
expl
anat
ion
will
con
tain
bas
ic in
form
atio
n w
ith
som
e at
tem
pt m
ade
to li
nk k
now
ledg
e an
d un
ders
tand
ing
to t
he g
iven
con
text
.
Leve
l 2
3-
4 D
emon
stra
tes
adeq
uate
kno
wle
dge
and
unde
rsta
ndin
g by
sel
ecting
and
app
lyin
g so
me
rele
vant
bio
logi
cal
fact
s/co
ncep
ts t
o pr
ovid
e th
e ex
plan
atio
n be
ing
pres
ente
d.
Line
s of
arg
umen
t oc
casi
onal
ly s
uppo
rted
thr
ough
the
app
licat
ion
of r
elev
ant
evid
ence
(sc
ient
ific
idea
s,
proc
esse
s, t
echn
ique
s an
d pr
oced
ures
).
The
expl
anat
ion
show
s so
me
linka
ges
and
lines
of
reas
onin
g w
ith
som
e st
ruct
ure.
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
104
Leve
l 3
5-
6 D
emon
stra
tes
com
preh
ensi
ve k
now
ledg
e an
d un
ders
tand
ing
by s
elec
ting
and
app
lyin
g re
leva
nt
know
ledg
e of
bio
logi
cal f
acts
/con
cept
s to
pro
vide
the
exp
lana
tion
bei
ng p
rese
nted
. L i
ne(s
) of
arg
umen
t su
ppor
ted
thro
ugho
ut b
y su
stai
ned
appl
icat
ion
of r
elev
ant
evid
ence
(sc
ient
ific
idea
s,
proc
esse
s, t
echn
ique
s an
d pr
oced
ures
).
The
expl
anat
ion
show
s a
wel
l-de
velo
ped
and
sust
aine
d lin
e of
rea
soni
ng w
hich
is c
lear
, co
here
nt a
nd
logi
cally
str
uctu
red.
(T
otal
for
Que
stio
n 4
= 1
0 m
arks
)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
105
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
5(a
) C
(1)
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
5(b
)(i)
58
- 45
= 1
3
(13÷
58)×
100
(1)
= 2
2.4%
(1)
(2
)
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
5(b
)(ii
)
An
answ
er t
hat
mak
es r
efer
ence
to
the
follo
win
g:
• m
ass
high
er in
A (
com
pare
d w
ith
B)
for
both
st
udie
s (1
)
• th
e di
ffer
ence
is le
ss in
rep
eat
stud
y /
mas
s lo
wer
in r
epea
ts (
of b
oth
A a
nd B
(1)
(2
)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
106
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
5(c
) An
answ
er t
hat
mak
es r
efer
ence
to
four
of
the
follo
win
g po
ints
:
• pl
ants
gro
wn
in p
ots
cont
aini
ng s
ame
{soi
l / p
H /
m
iner
als
/ w
ater
}as
thes
e fa
ctor
s ca
n af
fect
gro
wth
(1)
•
one
grou
p un
der
lam
p em
itting
red
ligh
t an
d on
e gr
oup
unde
r a
lam
p em
itting
far
red
ligh
t /
one
grou
p un
der
lam
p em
itting
red
and
far
red
ligh
t at
sam
e in
tens
ity
and
one
grou
p un
der
lam
p em
itting
far
red
ligh
t a t
hi
gher
inte
nsity
than
red
(1)
• ke
ep t
empe
ratu
re t
he s
ame
in b
oth
as e
nzym
es
invo
lved
in g
row
th (
1)
• re
fere
nce
to {
seve
ral g
roup
s of
pot
s /
mul
tipl
e pl
ants
} to
ens
ure
resu
lts
are
{rel
iabl
e /
suitab
le f
or v
alid
st
atis
tica
l ana
lysi
s} (
1)
• us
e {c
lone
d /
gene
tica
lly id
entica
l} p
lant
s of
sam
e sp
ecie
s as
gen
es c
an a
ffec
t gr
owth
(1)
(4
) (T
otal
for
Que
stio
n 5
= 9
mar
ks)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
107
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
6(a
) C
(1)
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
6(b
)(i)
Le
ngth
mea
sure
d fr
om d
iagr
am c
orre
ctly
(1)
z-
z lin
e =
3.0
cm t
hen
this
is 3
.0 x
10-3
M ÷
2.0
x 1
0 -6
m =
150
0 m
agni
ficat
ion
(1)
(2
)
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
6(b
)(ii
) B
(1
)
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
6(b
) (i
ii)
An
expl
anat
ion
that
mak
es r
efer
ence
to
the
follo
win
g:
• ac
tin
and
myo
sin
mol
ecul
es r
emai
n th
e sa
me
leng
th (
1)
•
thes
e sl
ide
past
eac
h ot
her
/ sa
rcom
ere
is s
hort
er /
Z li
nes
mov
e cl
oser
tog
ethe
r (1
)
(2
)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
108
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
6(c
)
An
expl
anat
ion
that
mak
es r
efer
ence
to
four
of
the
follo
win
g:
• pe
rson
B h
as m
ore
slow
tw
itch
fib
res
than
per
son
A (
1)
•
slow
tw
itch
are
mor
e ef
ficie
nt a
t ae
robi
c re
spir
atio
n be
caus
e th
ey h
ave
mor
e m
itoc
hond
ria
(1)
•
slow
tw
itch
hav
e m
any
capi
llari
es t
o gi
ve g
ood
oxyg
en
supp
ly (
1)
• sl
ow t
witch
hav
e lo
ts o
f m
yogl
obin
to
stor
e ox
ygen
(1)
•
ther
efor
e le
ss li
kely
to
build
up
lact
ate
(1)
(4
) (T
otal
for
Que
stio
n 6
= 1
0 m
arks
)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
109
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
7(a
)
•
2.03
– 1
.53
= 0
.5 ÷
2.0
3 x
100
(1)
• =
24.
63%
(1)
(2
)
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
7(b
) An
expl
anat
ion
that
mak
es r
efer
ence
to
thre
e of
the
fol
low
ing:
•
mov
ing
shad
ow a
nd t
ouch
are
per
ceiv
ed a
s pr
esen
ce o
f {d
ange
r /
pred
ator
} (1
)
• re
spon
se t
o to
uch
is g
reat
er t
han
to s
hado
w b
ecau
se t
ouch
pe
rcei
ved
as {
mor
e da
nger
ous/
clo
sene
ss o
f pr
edat
or}
(1)
• re
spon
se in
tub
e is
gre
ater
tha
n re
spon
se o
ut o
f tu
be
beca
use
tube
pro
vide
s ph
ysic
al s
urfa
ce t
o as
sist
{c
ontr
action
/ w
ithd
raw
al}
(1)
• w
orm
has
rec
epto
rs a
nd t
hose
for
ligh
t ge
nera
te le
ss
resp
onse
tha
n th
ose
for
touc
h (1
) •
whe
n ou
t of
tub
e, a
sha
dow
stim
ulus
aff
ects
all
of a
wor
m
but
a to
uch
stim
ulus
aff
ects
par
t of
a w
orm
(1)
(3)
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
7(c
)(i)
An
answ
er t
hat
mak
es r
efer
ence
to
the
follo
win
g:
• pr
even
ts w
asting
ene
rgy
(1)
• al
low
s m
axim
um f
eedi
ng e
ffor
t (1
)
(2
)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
110
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
7(c
)(ii
)
An
expl
anat
ion
that
mak
es r
efer
ence
to
the
follo
win
g:
• th
ere
is le
ss r
espo
nse
beca
use
ther
e is
less
dep
olar
isat
ion
of t
he p
ost –
syna
ptic
mem
bran
e (1
)
• be
caus
e th
ere
are
few
er c
alci
um io
ns e
nter
ing
the
pre
syna
ptic
mem
bran
e so
few
er v
esic
les
fuse
with
the
pres
ynap
tic
cel
l mem
bran
e (1
) •
so le
ss n
euro
tran
smitte
r di
ffus
es a
cros
s th
e sy
napt
ic c
left
(1
)
• th
eref
ore
less
bin
ding
to
the
rec
epto
rs o
n th
e po
st–
syna
ptic
mem
bran
e so
few
er s
odiu
m c
hann
els
open
(1)
•
resu
ltin
g in
no
{act
ion
pote
ntia
l / im
puls
e} in
the
pos
t–
syna
ptic
neu
rone
lead
ing
to n
o w
ithd
raw
al r
espo
nse
(1)
Allo
w d
escr
iption
of
sodi
um io
n m
ovem
ent
(5)
(Tot
al f
or Q
uest
ion
7 =
12
mar
ks)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
111
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
Mar
k 8
(a)
D
(1)
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
Mar
k 8
(b)
An
expl
anat
ion
that
mak
es r
efer
ence
to:
•
mus
cles
can
onl
y w
ork
in o
ne d
irec
tion
(1)
Plus
one
fro
m:
• th
eref
ore
a ne
ed t
o cr
eate
opp
osite
forc
es (
1)
•
so m
ust
have
ext
enso
rs a
nd f
lexo
rs (
1)
(2
)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
112
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r In
dica
tive
con
tent
8(c
) Ans
wer
s w
ill b
e cr
edited
acc
ordi
ng t
o ca
ndid
ate'
s de
ploy
men
t of
kno
wle
dge
and
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
the
mat
eria
l in
rel
atio
n to
the
qua
litie
s an
d sk
ills
outlin
ed in
the
gen
eric
mar
k sc
hem
e.
The
indi
cative
con
tent
bel
ow is
not
pre
scri
ptiv
e an
d ca
ndid
ates
are
not
req
uire
d to
incl
ude
all t
he m
ater
ial
whi
ch is
indi
cate
d as
rel
evan
t. A
dditio
nal c
onte
nt in
clud
ed in
the
res
pons
e m
ust
be s
cien
tific
and
rel
evan
t.
Sup
port
s •
this
is t
rue
afte
r 10
mon
ths
beca
use
ther
e is
a s
igni
fican
t de
crea
se f
or t
he s
low
tw
itch
•
if m
uscl
e is
{m
ainl
y sl
ow t
witch
/ h
as f
ewer
fas
t tw
itch
}
• C
a-ATP
ase
will
tak
e lo
nger
to
tran
spor
t ca
lciu
m io
ns in
to t
he s
arco
plas
mic
ret
icul
um
Doe
s no
t su
ppor
t •
agei
ng h
as {
no /
litt
le}
effe
ct o
n fa
st t
witch
fib
res
•
ther
e is
litt
le d
iffer
ence
bet
wee
n th
e fa
st a
nd s
low
tw
itch
up
to 1
0 m
onth
s
• ap
prop
riat
e co
mm
ent
on t
he d
iffer
ence
bet
wee
n th
e da
ta r
elat
ed t
o th
e va
riat
ion
as s
how
n by
the
err
or
bars
Le
vel
Mar
k D
escr
ipto
r
0 N
o aw
arda
ble
cont
ent
Leve
l 1
1-
2 Li
mited
sci
entific
jud
gem
ent
mad
e w
ith
a fo
cus
on o
ne s
ide
of t
he a
rgum
ent
only
.
A c
oncl
usio
n m
ay b
e at
tem
pted
, de
mon
stra
ting
isol
ated
ele
men
ts o
f bi
olog
ical
kno
wle
dge
and
unde
rsta
ndin
g bu
t w
ith
limited
evi
denc
e to
sup
port
the
jud
gem
ent
bein
g m
ade.
Le
vel
2
3-4
A s
cien
tific
jud
gem
ent
is m
ade
thro
ugh
the
appl
icat
ion
of r
elev
ant
evid
ence
to
both
sid
es o
f th
e ar
gum
ent.
A c
oncl
usio
n is
mad
e, d
emon
stra
ting
link
ages
to
elem
ents
of
biol
ogic
al k
now
ledg
e an
d un
ders
tand
ing,
with
occa
sion
al e
vide
nce
to s
uppo
rt t
he j
udge
men
t be
ing
mad
e.
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
113
Leve
l 3
5-
6 A s
cien
tific
jud
gem
ent
is m
ade,
whi
ch is
sup
port
ed t
hrou
ghou
t by
sus
tain
ed a
pplic
atio
n of
rel
evan
t ev
iden
ce f
rom
the
ana
lysi
s an
d in
terp
reta
tion
of
the
scie
ntifi
c in
form
atio
n.
A c
oncl
usio
n is
mad
e, d
emon
stra
ting
sus
tain
ed li
nkag
es t
o bi
olog
ical
kno
wle
dge
and
unde
rsta
ndin
g w
ith
evid
ence
to
supp
ort
the
judg
emen
t be
ing
mad
e.
(Tot
al f
or Q
uest
ion
8 =
9 m
arks
)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
114
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
9(a
) An
expl
anat
ion
that
mak
es a
ref
eren
ce t
o th
e fo
llow
ing:
•
sero
toni
n ca
nnot
be
brok
en d
own
fast
er t
han
prod
uced
(1)
• th
eref
ore
activi
ty o
f th
e tw
o en
zym
es t
hat
prod
uce
sero
toni
n m
ust
be s
imila
r to
the
act
ivity
of e
nzym
e 3
(1)
• on
e of
the
enz
ymes
mus
t be
rat
e lim
itin
g (1
)
(3
) Q
uest
ion
Num
ber
Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
9(b
) An
expl
anat
ion
that
mak
es a
ref
eren
ce t
o th
ree
of t
he
follo
win
g:
• SSR
Is b
ind
to {
chan
nel /
reu
ptak
e} p
rote
ins
(1)
•
sero
toni
n le
vels
rem
ain
high
in s
ynap
se (
1)
• se
roto
nin
bind
s to
rec
epto
r pr
otei
ns in
pos
t-sy
napt
ic
mem
bran
e (1
) •
depo
lari
sation
of
post
-syn
aptic
mem
bran
e (1
) •
{act
ion
pote
ntia
ls /
impu
lses
/ t
rans
mis
sion
} co
ntin
ues
(1)
(3
)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
115
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
9(c
)(i)
•
neithe
r pa
tien
ts n
or {
doct
ors
/sci
entist
s /
eq}
know
whi
ch
trea
tmen
t th
e pa
tien
ts w
ere
give
n (1
)
(1)
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
9(c
)(ii
) An
answ
er t
hat
mak
es r
efer
ence
to
thre
e of
the
fol
low
ing:
•
idea
tha
t SSR
I w
orks
bes
t (1
)
• pl
aceb
o w
orks
fas
ter
than
SJW
(1)
•
SJW
and
pla
cebo
eff
ect
{wea
r of
f /
leve
l / e
nd a
t 12
/ s
ame
final
sco
re /
fal
l the
n ri
se /
eq}
(1)
•
corr
ect
com
para
tive
man
ipul
atio
n of
fig
ures
to
supp
ort
anal
ysis
(1)
(3
)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
116
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
9(c
)(ii
i)
An
expl
anat
ion
that
mak
es r
efer
ence
to
two
of t
he f
ollo
win
g pa
irs:
•
use
mor
e pa
tien
ts /
incr
ease
sam
ple
size
/ r
epea
t th
e tr
ial
(1)
• to
incr
ease
rel
iabi
lity
(1)
and
/o
r
• co
nsid
er s
ampl
e se
lect
ion
to u
se s
ame
age
/ ge
nder
/
ethn
icity
/ lif
esty
le /
hea
lth
of p
atie
nts
(1)
• to
con
trol
bio
tic
vari
able
s (1
)
and
/o
r •
exte
nsio
n of
tim
e fo
r tr
ial (
1)
• to
ens
ure
SSR
Is c
ontinu
e to
red
uce
HR
SD
sco
re o
r no
t /
SJW
con
tinu
e to
dec
reas
e H
RSD
sco
re o
r no
t (1
) an
d/
or
•
use
of s
tatist
ical
ana
lysi
s (1
) •
to s
ee if
the
diff
eren
ces
are
sign
ifica
nt (
1)
(4
) (T
otal
for
Que
stio
n 9
= 1
4 m
arks
)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
117
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
10
(a)
volu
me
chan
ge
e.g.
0.5
dm
3 in
1 m
inut
e (1
) co
rrec
t co
nver
sion
to
ml f
rom
dm
3 (1
)
answ
er 5
00 ÷
90
= 5
.5 (
1)
Cor
rect
ans
wer
gai
ns f
ull m
arks
, no
w
orki
ng s
how
n (3
)
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
10
(b)(
i)
An
expl
anat
ion
that
mak
es r
efer
ence
to
five
of t
he
follo
win
g:
• an
aero
bic
resp
irat
ion
occu
rs d
urin
g ex
erci
se b
ecau
se
oxyg
en s
uppl
y to
cel
ls is
lim
ited
(1)
• th
eref
ore
glyc
olys
is u
sed
to p
rodu
ce A
TP (
1)
• gl
ycol
ysis
als
o pr
oduc
es la
ctat
e (1
) •
oxyg
en c
onsu
mpt
ion
is h
ighe
r at
end
of
exer
cise
tha
n at
res
t be
caus
e la
ctat
e is
con
vert
ed b
ack
to p
yruv
ate
(1)
• py
ruva
te e
nter
s K
rebs
cyc
le (
1)
•
oxyg
en u
sed
in e
lect
ron
tran
spor
t ch
ain
/ ox
idat
ive
phos
phor
ylat
ion
as f
inal
hyd
roge
n el
ectr
on a
ccep
tor
/ to
for
m w
ater
(1)
Allo
w s
ome
lact
ate
is c
onve
rted
into
gl
ycog
en (
1)
(5)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
118
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
10
(b)(
ii)
An
expl
anat
ion
that
mak
es r
efer
ence
to
five
of t
he f
ollo
win
g:
• H
igh
CO
2 in
the
blo
od s
tim
ulat
es t
he r
espi
rato
ry c
entr
e (1
)
• In
crea
se in
lact
ate
/ fa
ll in
pH
stim
ulat
es t
he r
espi
rato
ry
cent
re (
1)
• R
efer
ence
to
chem
orec
epto
rs in
the
med
ulla
/car
otid
bo
dies
/aor
tic
bodi
es (
1)
• M
ore
impu
lses
sen
t to
dia
phra
gm a
nd in
terc
osta
l mus
cles
(1
) •
Res
ulting
in a
n in
crea
se in
the
rat
e an
d de
pth
of b
reat
hing
(1
) •
pH r
etur
ns t
o no
rmal
as
CO
2 is
rem
oved
and
ven
tila
tion
ra
te d
ecre
ases
(1)
(5
)
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Sample Assessment Materials – Issue 1 – December 2014 © Pearson Education Limited 2014
119
Que
stio
n N
umbe
r Acc
epta
ble
Ans
wer
Add
itio
nal G
uida
nce
M
ark
10
(c)
An
answ
er t
hat
mak
es r
efer
ence
to
four
of
the
follo
win
g:
• Fo
r hi
gh r
isk,
an
incr
ease
in e
xerc
ise
redu
ces
inci
denc
e of
typ
e II
dia
bete
s (1
) •
For
low
ris
k, a
n in
crea
se in
exe
rcis
e ha
s no
eff
ect
on
inci
denc
e of
typ
e II
dia
bete
s (1
) •
Ref
eren
ce t
o co
rrel
atio
n in
cor
rect
con
text
(1)
•
A c
ausa
l rel
atio
nshi
p is
{sh
own
by t
he h
igh
risk
gro
up
and
leve
l of
exer
cise
/ n
ot s
how
n by
the
low
ris
k gr
oup
and
leve
l of
exer
cise
} (1
)
• O
ther
fac
tors
may
cau
se t
ype
II d
iabe
tes,
e.g
. ob
esity,
di
et,
age,
eth
nici
ty (
1)
Acc
ept
high
ris
k =
fam
ily h
isto
ry
low
ris
k =
no
fam
ily h
isto
ry
(4)
(Tot
al f
or Q
uest
ion
10 =
17
mar
ks)