MIXED MEDIA, cont’d20th Century “Mixed Media”

Found ObjectReadymade

AppropriationAssemblage

Duchamp and friends…

Marcel Duchamp(1887 – 1968)

playing chess in 1952. (Kay Bell

Reynal photo in the Smithsonian

Institution Archives of American Art.)

“The creative act is not performed by the artist alone; the spectator brings the work in contact

with the external world by deciphering and interpreting its inner qualifications and thus adds his contribution to the creative act.”

Marcel Duchamp, from Session on the Creative Act, Convention of the American Federation of Arts, Houston, Texas, April 1957.

Duchamp's first work to provoke significant controversy was

Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (Nu descendant un

escalier n° 2) (1912).

Georges Braque

Violin and Candlestick, Paris, spring 1910, at the

San Francisco Museum of Modern

Art

Georges Braque(1882 -1963)

Fruitdish and Glass, papier collé and charcoal on

paper, 1912

Dada

Dada or Dadaism is a cultural movement that began in Zürich, Switzerland, during World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1922….

Cover of the first edition of the publication Dada by Tristan Tzara; Zürich, 1917.

…Dada is the groundwork to abstract art and sound poetry, a starting point for performance art, a prelude to postmodernism, an influence on pop art, a celebration of anti-art to be later embraced for anarchy-political uses in the 1960s and the movement that lay the foundation for Surrealism.

—Marc Lowenthal, translator's introduction to Francis Picabia's I Am a Beautiful Monster: Poetry, Prose, And Provocation

The Futurists

Machines

Technology

The Industrial Environment

Mass Production

Cinema

Stop-Motion Animation

(Artists dealing with their surroundings)

Giacomo Balla, Abstract Speed + Sound, 1913-1914

Giacomo Balla, Dog on a Lead, 1912

Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913

Duchamp's first work to provoke significant controversy was

Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 (Nu descendant un

escalier n° 2) (1912).

Duchamp: The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass). (1915-23). Oil, varnish, lead foil, lead wire, and dust on two glass panels. 109 1/4" x 69 1/4".

Radical: a picture that you looked through, that stood in the middle of the room.

To make 3 Standard Stoppages (3 stoppages étalon), Duchamp dropped three 1-meter lengths of thread onto prepared canvases, one at a time, from a height of 1 meter. The threads landed in three random undulating positions. He varnished them into place on the blue-black canvas strips and attached them to glass. He then cut three wood slats into the shapes of the curved strings, and put all the pieces into a croquet box. Three small leather signs with the title printed in gold were glued to each of the "stoppage" backgrounds.

1913-14, ParisThe Museum of Modern ArtKatherine S. Dreier Bequest, 1953. complex construction of multiple parts inside wood box129.2 x 28 x 23 cm

The ReadymadeThe readymades of Duchamp are ordinary manufactured objects that he selected and modified, as an antidote to what he called "retinal art”. By simply choosing the object (or objects) and repositioning or joining, and tilting and signing it, the object became art.

It was the least amount of interaction between artist and art, and the most extreme form of minimalism that had yet been seen at the time.

Bicycle Wheel is a readymade by Marcel Duchamp consisting of a bicycle fork with front wheel mounted upside-down on a wooden stool.

The original from 1913 was lost, and Duchamp recreated the sculpture in 1951.Bicycle Wheel is said to be the first kinetic sculpture.

Contemporary Mixed MediaDuchamp: Bottle

Rack/Egouttoir (or Porte-bouteilles). 1914/64.

Readymade: bottle rack made of galvanized iron. 59

x 37 cm. Original lost. Replica. Private collection.

Duchamp: Fountain 1917; 1964 artist-authorized replica made by the artist's dealer, Arturo Schwarz, based on a photograph by Alfred Stieglitz. Porcelain, 360 x 480 x 610 mm. Tate Modern, London.

Duchamp: Fountain, 1917. Photograph by

Alfred Steiglitz

Duchamp

L.H.O.O.Q. (1919).

• In L.H.O.O.Q. the objet trouvé (found object) is a cheap postcard reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa onto which Duchamp drew a moustache and beard in pencil and appended the title.

• The name of the piece, L.H.O.O.Q., is a pun, since the letters when pronounced in French form the sentence, Elle a chaud au cul.

Man Ray

Le Violon d'Ingres

(1924)

Man Ray(1890 –1976)

Rayograph "Champs délicieux" n°06

Rayograph

(1922)

(to be continued)