Post on 14-Jul-2020
5/2/2010
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What do you already know?
• Put a star next to any artists/artworks you
have seen before.
• Put a check mark next to artists/artworks
that sound familiar-but you are not sure
• Put a question mark next to
artists/artworks you have never heard of
Rise of Modernism-Later 19th Century Art
Major changes :
1. Industrial Revolution
2. Darwinism
3. Marxism
4. Technological Revolution
Jean-Léon Gérôme, Pygmalion and
Galatea, oil on canvas, c. 1890 Realism
• A French movement in mid 19th century art
to depict what can actually be seen in the
world. Followed the philosophy of the
Enlightenment, empiricism-knowledge is
based of observation and direct
experience.
• What's the point? Realist artists argued
that only contemporary things, what
people can see for themselves, are “real”
Realism
“ Show me an angel, and I’ll paint you one”
- Courbet
Gustave Courbet, The Stone Breakers,
1849
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Courbet, Burial at Ornans, 1850 Jean- Francois Millet, The Gleaners, 1857
Honore Daumier, Rue Transnonian, 1834 Manet, Luncheon on the Grass, 1863
Manet, Olympia, 1863 Venn Diagram
• How does Manet’s Olympia break from the
canon of the female nude.
• Compare/contrast how this pose has been
used by artists during the past three
decades (Titian, Ingres, Manet).
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Marie-Rosalie Bonheur, Horse Fair, 1853-
1855Pre-Raphaelites
• Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood forms in1848
• Contempt for the industrialism that they
saw occurring and the effect of
urbanization
• Wanted to create escapes from the
everyday
• Found inspiration in medieval
stories/spirituality, writings of Shakespeare
John Everett Millais, Ophelia, 1852 Impressionism/
Post-Impressionism:
• Both continue revolutionary changes set in
motion by the Realists and Romantics
• Impressionism- deviated from the
academics in their subject matter and
technique
• Post-Impressionism- go even further by
exploring abstract depiction of color and
shape and the inner mind
Monet, Impression: Sunrise, 1872 Monet, Saint-Lazare Train Station, 1877
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Monet, Rouen Cathedral, 1894
Edward Muybridge Horse Galloping, 1878 Avant-Garde
• Originally a French Military term
• Artists who led the way with revolutionary
new concepts and techniques
• Not appreciated by the public who visited
the Salons. Appreciated by other artists.
• shifted the venue from Salon to private
galleries
Gustave Caillebotle, Paris, A Rainy Day,
1877Auguste Renoir, Le Mouline de la Galette,
1876
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Renoir, Luncheon of the Boating Party,
1881
Edouard Manet, A Bar at Foilies-Bergere,
1882
Edgar Degas, Ballet Rehearsal, 1874 Degas, Practicing at the Bar, 1876
Mary Cassat, The Bath, 182Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, At the
Moulin Rouge, 1892
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Post-Impressionism
• 1886- most critics, public had accepted Impressionism as a legitimate style of art.
• However younger artists were beginning to dismiss Impressionism because it was neglecting the traditional elements of art
• Four biggies: Van Gogh, Gauguin, Seurat, Cezanne
• Expressionism- the integrity of the artist’s feeling overrides any loyalty to the actual appearance of things
Vincent Van Gogh, The Potato
Eaters, 1885
Van Gogh, The Starry Night, 1889 Van Gogh, Night Café, 1888
Paul Gaugin, Vision after the Sermon (or
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel), 1888
Seurat, A Sunday on La Grande Jatte,
1884-1886
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Paul Cezanne, Mont Sainte Victoire, 1902Paul Cezanne, Still Life with Apples,
1895-98
Paul Cezanne, The Bather, 1885Symbolism
• Reaction against the 19th cent belief on the
advancement of science and technology.
• Moved away from the visible world; from
the surface appearnce
• Gave visual form to their state of mind
– Inner world of fantasy
– State of mind
– Irrational aspects of human mind
Redon, The Cyclops, 1898Edward Munch, The Cry (The Scream),
1893
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Henri Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy, 1897Art Noveau
• Late 19th century art movement
• Focused on the decorative arts and
architecture
• France, Belgium, Britain, Germany,
Austria
• Style predominantly focuses on organic
designs
Gustav Klimt, The Kiss, 1907-08 Architecture-late 19th century
• Skeletal architecture- interior framework
(steel) holds up building, exterior meant to
be a curtain of glass
• Emphasis was on the vertical as real
estate prices rose in the most populated
urban centers
• Decorated exterior with terra-cota or
ironwork
• Invention of elevator- Elisha Otis
Everyone’s a critic…..• If you were a critic, what would you say?
– Neoclassical Critic
– Realist Critic
– Pre-Raphaelite Critic
– Impressionist Critic
– Post Impressionism
– Symbolism
– Art Nouveau
• Read up on these art movements, pick one work of art (NOT from that movement) and write a short critique- BE BRUTALLY HONEST
Chicago School
-Steel frame with terra-
cota exterior
-Allowed for large plate-
glass windows
-Limited exterior
ornamentation
-Neo-classical elements:
Three parts of the
classical column
-”Chicago window”- large
central window flanked
by two smaller ones
Chicago Building, 1904-05
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Louis Sullivan, Carson Pirie Scott (Sullivan
Center), 1899-1904, Chicago
Gustave Eiffel, The Eiffel Tower, 1887-1889,
Paris Summary
1. Explain the formal and iconographic characteristics of
Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism,
Symbolism, Arts and Crafts, and Art Nouveau
2. Describe the history of photography and its relationship
with other fine arts media
3. Define the material and formal characteristics of late
19th-century architecture
4. Explain the philosophies and theories that governed the
modernist art movements of the later 19th century
5. Identify the social and historical contexts that affected
the production of art and architecture