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What do you already know?

• Put a star next to any artists/artworks you

have seen before.

• Put a check mark next to artists/artworks

that sound familiar-but you are not sure

• Put a question mark next to

artists/artworks you have never heard of

Rise of Modernism-Later 19th Century Art

Major changes :

1. Industrial Revolution

2. Darwinism

3. Marxism

4. Technological Revolution

Jean-Léon Gérôme, Pygmalion and

Galatea, oil on canvas, c. 1890 Realism

• A French movement in mid 19th century art

to depict what can actually be seen in the

world. Followed the philosophy of the

Enlightenment, empiricism-knowledge is

based of observation and direct

experience.

• What's the point? Realist artists argued

that only contemporary things, what

people can see for themselves, are “real”

Realism

“ Show me an angel, and I’ll paint you one”

- Courbet

Gustave Courbet, The Stone Breakers,

1849

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Courbet, Burial at Ornans, 1850 Jean- Francois Millet, The Gleaners, 1857

Honore Daumier, Rue Transnonian, 1834 Manet, Luncheon on the Grass, 1863

Manet, Olympia, 1863 Venn Diagram

• How does Manet’s Olympia break from the

canon of the female nude.

• Compare/contrast how this pose has been

used by artists during the past three

decades (Titian, Ingres, Manet).

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Marie-Rosalie Bonheur, Horse Fair, 1853-

1855Pre-Raphaelites

• Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood forms in1848

• Contempt for the industrialism that they

saw occurring and the effect of

urbanization

• Wanted to create escapes from the

everyday

• Found inspiration in medieval

stories/spirituality, writings of Shakespeare

John Everett Millais, Ophelia, 1852 Impressionism/

Post-Impressionism:

• Both continue revolutionary changes set in

motion by the Realists and Romantics

• Impressionism- deviated from the

academics in their subject matter and

technique

• Post-Impressionism- go even further by

exploring abstract depiction of color and

shape and the inner mind

Monet, Impression: Sunrise, 1872 Monet, Saint-Lazare Train Station, 1877

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Monet, Rouen Cathedral, 1894

Edward Muybridge Horse Galloping, 1878 Avant-Garde

• Originally a French Military term

• Artists who led the way with revolutionary

new concepts and techniques

• Not appreciated by the public who visited

the Salons. Appreciated by other artists.

• shifted the venue from Salon to private

galleries

Gustave Caillebotle, Paris, A Rainy Day,

1877Auguste Renoir, Le Mouline de la Galette,

1876

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Renoir, Luncheon of the Boating Party,

1881

Edouard Manet, A Bar at Foilies-Bergere,

1882

Edgar Degas, Ballet Rehearsal, 1874 Degas, Practicing at the Bar, 1876

Mary Cassat, The Bath, 182Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, At the

Moulin Rouge, 1892

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Post-Impressionism

• 1886- most critics, public had accepted Impressionism as a legitimate style of art.

• However younger artists were beginning to dismiss Impressionism because it was neglecting the traditional elements of art

• Four biggies: Van Gogh, Gauguin, Seurat, Cezanne

• Expressionism- the integrity of the artist’s feeling overrides any loyalty to the actual appearance of things

Vincent Van Gogh, The Potato

Eaters, 1885

Van Gogh, The Starry Night, 1889 Van Gogh, Night Café, 1888

Paul Gaugin, Vision after the Sermon (or

Jacob Wrestling with the Angel), 1888

Seurat, A Sunday on La Grande Jatte,

1884-1886

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Paul Cezanne, Mont Sainte Victoire, 1902Paul Cezanne, Still Life with Apples,

1895-98

Paul Cezanne, The Bather, 1885Symbolism

• Reaction against the 19th cent belief on the

advancement of science and technology.

• Moved away from the visible world; from

the surface appearnce

• Gave visual form to their state of mind

– Inner world of fantasy

– State of mind

– Irrational aspects of human mind

Redon, The Cyclops, 1898Edward Munch, The Cry (The Scream),

1893

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Henri Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy, 1897Art Noveau

• Late 19th century art movement

• Focused on the decorative arts and

architecture

• France, Belgium, Britain, Germany,

Austria

• Style predominantly focuses on organic

designs

Gustav Klimt, The Kiss, 1907-08 Architecture-late 19th century

• Skeletal architecture- interior framework

(steel) holds up building, exterior meant to

be a curtain of glass

• Emphasis was on the vertical as real

estate prices rose in the most populated

urban centers

• Decorated exterior with terra-cota or

ironwork

• Invention of elevator- Elisha Otis

Everyone’s a critic…..• If you were a critic, what would you say?

– Neoclassical Critic

– Realist Critic

– Pre-Raphaelite Critic

– Impressionist Critic

– Post Impressionism

– Symbolism

– Art Nouveau

• Read up on these art movements, pick one work of art (NOT from that movement) and write a short critique- BE BRUTALLY HONEST

Chicago School

-Steel frame with terra-

cota exterior

-Allowed for large plate-

glass windows

-Limited exterior

ornamentation

-Neo-classical elements:

Three parts of the

classical column

-”Chicago window”- large

central window flanked

by two smaller ones

Chicago Building, 1904-05

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Louis Sullivan, Carson Pirie Scott (Sullivan

Center), 1899-1904, Chicago

Gustave Eiffel, The Eiffel Tower, 1887-1889,

Paris Summary

1. Explain the formal and iconographic characteristics of

Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism,

Symbolism, Arts and Crafts, and Art Nouveau

2. Describe the history of photography and its relationship

with other fine arts media

3. Define the material and formal characteristics of late

19th-century architecture

4. Explain the philosophies and theories that governed the

modernist art movements of the later 19th century

5. Identify the social and historical contexts that affected

the production of art and architecture