Review of Yesterday

Egyptian Dynasties

• Dynasty – a series of rulers from the same family or ethnic group

• Egypt had 31 dynasties• Old Kingdom – Dynasties 3-6 2686-2181 BCE• Middle Kingdom – Dynasty 12 1991-1786 BCE• New Kingdom – Dynasties 18-20 1567-1085 BCE **These kingdoms are TIME PERIODS (not places) The gaps between the dynasties were times of wars, invasions and weak rulers.

• Protected from invaders, the villages of Egypt grew. Wealthy farmers emerged as village leaders, and strong leaders gained control over several villages.

• By 3200 B.C., the villages had banded together and developed into two kingdoms. One was called Lower Egypt and the other was called Upper Egypt. KING UNIFIED EGYPT

• Around 3100 BC Menes, the king of Upper Egypt, invaded Lower Egypt. He married a princess there in order to unite the two kingdoms under his rule.

• Menes was the first pharaoh, the title used by the rulers of Egypt, which literally means ruler of a “great house.” He also started the first Egyptian dynasty.

• He built a new capital city, Memphis, which became a popular cultural center. His dynasty ruled for nearly 200 years.

• Artifact Analysis1. What do you find

interesting about this image?

2. What do you find puzzling about his image?

1. Wears symbols of Egyptian kingship

2. Falcon represents Horus, god of kingship

3. Reed plants symbolize Lower Egypt (Nile Delta)

4. Royal sandal bearer carries Namer’s shoes

Pharaohs

• Pharaohs – absolute power over their people

• What the pharaoh said became law

• Viewed as god-kings

What comparisons or contrasts can

you make between

Pharaohs and Hammurabi?

The Three Kingdoms

Old Kingdom• Kept peace and traded with Nubia• Merchants were sent to the

Mediterranean coast to find trees for building (Light bulbs should be going off right now!!)

The Great Step Pyramid of Djoser

• Built during the 3rd Dynasty

• World’s first pyramid

King Djoser was one of the outstanding kings

of Egypt

Map It Out

Three Kingdoms

The Three Kingdoms

Middle Kingdom• Early rulers

reunited the country

• No war? Build!!• Grew richer• Pharaohs buried

in hidden tombs

Map It Out

Three Kingdoms

The Three Kingdoms

New Kingdom• Foreign invaders

driven out by Egyptian Princes

• Pharaohs to build empire

• Unbeatable armies• King Tutankhamen

Rule During the New Kingdom

The Pharaoh Queen - HatshepsutReign was good for Egypt Bold leader who brought peace,and economic success

Would not give up the thronewhen son became of age. He Became pharaoh when she died.

Rule During the New Kingdom

Thutmose III finally rules Egypt 1485 BCE• After Hatshepsut died, Thutmose became one

of the greatest pharaohs of the New Kingdom• Lead armies to war – a conqueror• Educated and was a botanist• Unlike most rulers of his time, hewas merciful to those he defeated

Temple of Karnak

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Three Kingdoms

Life After the New Kingdom• Alexander the

Great conquered Egypt 332 BCE

• Macedonia ruled for the next 300 years

Queen Cleopatra• Co-regent to her two

brothers• Educated, cunning• Fled to Syria to plan a

takeover• Conquered by the

Roman Empire

Map It Out

Three Kingdoms