Respiratory System

Very nice!

Nasal Passage

Does three things to the air we breathe including: A) Warming B) Moistens C) Filters

Why should you inhale through your nose especially while exercising?

Pharynx

Common passage that is immediately behind both the oral and nasal cavities.

Passageway for food and air.

Allows us to breathe and chew at the same time.

Epiglottis

Protective flap that prevents food from entering and blocking your airway.

Action

larynx The larynx or voice box house structures

called the vocal cords. The vocal cords vibrate when air passes by them

and produce sound. Long and thick cords vibrate slowly

and produce a low frequency sound.

Short and thin cords vibrate quickly and produce a high frequency sound.

Why do men generally have lower pitch voices?

Inhaling Gases Why do you sound like

Alvin and the Chipmunks when you inhale helium Gas? Helium is less dense than air. The cords can

vibrate faster and the pitch is high. Does helium gas kill brain cells?

NO Why do 9 out of 10 moms recommend not

inhaling helium? Inhaling helium means you are not inhaling

oxygen.

Trachea

Your trachea or windpipe is simply a passageway that brings air to your lungs. Cartilage rings prevent the

passageway from collapsing. Tracheotomy- A procedure that

creates a opening in the trachea allowing a person to breathe.

Trachea Lining Cilia- Hair-like structures that move back

and forth in order remove foreign material.

Goblet Cells- Produce mucus that help trap foreign material.

How does swallowing help clear our lungs?

Why do smokers develop “smokers cough”?

Bronchi and Bronchioles

Bronchi- The trachea splits in two bronchi that supply the left and right lungs with air.

Bronchioles- The bronchi branch and forming smaller passageways called bronchioles.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs.

Site of the diffusion of O2 and CO2.

Diffusion- The process of a substance going from a high concentration to a low concentration.

Did you ever wonder? How can performing CPR (mouth to mouth)

save someone's life?

Inhaled Air- O2 = 21% / CO2 = .04%

Exhaled Air- O2 = 15% / CO2 = 4%

There is sufficient oxygen to keep someone else alive.

Breathing Regulation Two components of the brain control the

rate of breathing Pons Medulla oblongata

The primary gas that is monitored is CO2. O2 is secondary.

Average rate = 10-14/min (5-7L of air) Physical activity can increase the rate to 40/min

(80-120L of air)

Your brain in action!

Determine your “normal” resting rate: Count the number of breaths in 20

seconds and multiply by 3 = _______

Now breathe deeply three times. Count the number of breaths in 20

seconds and multiply by 3 = _______

Breathing Continued The lungs contain no muscle tissue.

How do they move?

Inhaling: The diaphragm pushes down and intercostal muscles push the chest outward. The space between the chest cavity and

lungs increases. This decreases the pressure on the lungs and they expand.

Exhaling: The diaphragm relaxes (moves up) and the chest cavity relaxes (moves in). The space between the lungs and the

chest cavity decreases. This increases the pressure on the lungs and they contract.

Why We Breathe Cellular Respiration =

C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + Energy (ATP)

Oxygen allows us to extract the energy from the foods we eat.

Photosynthesis = CO2 + H2O + Energy C6H12O6 +O2

(SUN)

Respiratory Conditions

Emphysema Tissue that supports the alveoli

deteriorates. The alveoli cannot perform its function.

Taking in O2 becomes more difficult. Lung tissue looks “spongy” containing

many air spaces. Often caused by smoking.

Asthma Inflammatory disease of the

bronchioles. Bronchioles constrict and fill with

mucus. Symptoms:

Shortness of breath Tightness of chest Coughing Wheezing

Triggers Outdoor

Moulds Pollen Cold air Exercise

Indoor Moulds Dust mites Exercise

Medication Short Term

Called “relievers”, they help to open the bronchioles.

Taken when needed.

Long Term Called “controllers”, contain steroids

that help prevent inflammation. Often taken once a day.

Lung Capacity Tidal Volume- The volume of air you

normally inhale and exhale. =.5L Vital Capacity- The volume of air that can

be exhaled after inhaling deeply. =5L Residual Volume- The volume of air

remaining in the lungs after exhaling deeply. = 1L

Lung Capacity = Vital Capacity + Residual Volume