Exercise 39 Anatomy of the Respiratory System 1. Upper respiratory system structures 2.
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Transcript of Exercise 39 Anatomy of the Respiratory System 1. Upper respiratory system structures 2.
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Exercise 39
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
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Upper respiratory system structures
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Upper respiratory system structures
Nose External nares Nasal cavity Nasal septum Nasal conchae
Superior, middle, inferiorAir turbulence
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Upper respiratory system structures
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Upper respiratory system structures
MeatusSuperiorMiddleInferior
Function of the noseWarm the airMoister the airFilter the air
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Upper respiratory system structures
Olfactory receptors Paranasal sinuses
MaxillaryFrontalEthmoidalSphenoidal
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Upper respiratory system structures
Function of the paranasal sinusesResonance of the airWarm the airMoister the air
PalateSeparates the nasal cavity from the
oral cavitySoft, hardCleft palate7
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Upper respiratory system structures
Oral cavity Pharynx
Nasopharynx• Above the soft palate• Internal nares• 1 Pharyngeal tonsil• Pharyngotympanic tubes• Otites media
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Upper respiratory system structures Oropharynx
From the soft palate to the epiglotisCarries food and air2 Palatine tonsils2 Lingual tonsils
LaryngopharynxPosterior and inferior to the
epiglotis
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Upper respiratory system structures
Larynx1 thyroid cartilage
• Laryngeal prominence1 cricoid cartilage2 cuneiform cartilages2 corniculate cartilages2 arytenoid cartilages
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Upper respiratory system structures
1 epiglottis cartilage (elastic cartilage) Vestibular folds Vocal ligaments or vocal cords Glottis
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Upper respiratory system structures
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Lower respiratory system structures
TracheaFrom the larynx to the sternal angleTracheal cartilages
• C-shaped• incomplete
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Lower respiratory system structures
Microscopic anatomyLumenRespiratory epithelium (mucous
membrane)• Pseudostratified columnar • Cilia• Goblet cells
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Lower respiratory system structures
SubmucosaSeromucous glands
Smooth muscle Cartilage Adventitia
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Lower respiratory system structures Bronchus
Primary• Right is wider, shorter, more
vertical• Left • Carina
Secondary• Lung hilus
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Lower respiratory system structures
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Lower respiratory system structures Tertiary…. Bronchioles (no cartilage)
TerminalRespiratory
Microscopic anatomy of bronchiLumenRespiratory epitheliumSmooth muscleHyaline cartilage
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Respiratory Zone
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Lower respiratory system structures Alveolar sac Alveolar duct Alveoli
Simple squamous epithelium Air-blood barrier (respiratory
membrane)Capillary wallAlveoli wall
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Lower respiratory system structures
Respiratory zone structuresRespiratory bronchiolesAlveolar ductsAlveolar sacs
Conducting zone structuresAll the other respiratory structuresAnatomical dead space
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Lower respiratory system structures Lungs
ApexBaseRoot
• Connection with mediastinumHilusCostal surfaceCardiac notch (left lung)
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Lower respiratory system structures Lobes
3 on the right2 on the left
FissuresRight lung
• Horizontal and obliqueLeft lung
• Oblique
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Lower respiratory system structures
PleuraVisceralParietalPleural cavityPleural fluid
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Microscopic Structures
TracheaPseudostratified ciliated epithelium
• Goblet cellsLamina propriaHyaline cartilage
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Microscopic Structures
Bronchus Bronchioles Lungs
Alveolar sacsAlveolus
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Cat Structures to be identified
TracheaThyroid cartilage
Primary bronchiRightLeft
Secondary bronchiRight Left
Lungs27