Post on 06-Oct-2020
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC
Renewable Electricity: Future
Technology Challenges
Robert J. Noun
Executive Director
Communications & External Affairs
March 5, 2009
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Getting to “Speed and Scale” –Key Challenges
Implementing Renewable Gigawatts at Scale
Reducing Energy Demand of Buildings, Vehicles, and Industry
• Cost• Reliability• Infrastructure• Dispatchability
• Coordinated implementation• Valuing efficiency• Cost• Performance and reliability
Displacement of Petroleum-Based Fuels
• Cost• Life cycle sustainability• Fuels infrastructure• Demand and utilization
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC
BARRIERS
BARRIERS
BARRIERS
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President Obama on Renewable Energy
• Invest $150B in alternative energy over
10 years
• Double production of alternative energy
in three years
• Upgrade the efficiency of more than
75% of federal buildings and two million
private homes
• Create Jobs with Clean, Efficient,
American Energy
• Transforming Our Economy with
Science and Technology
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC3
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC
Harvesting Past InvestmentsFirst Generation Technology
U.S. Renewable Electricity Installed Nameplate Capacity
Source: EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2009 Early Release
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC
Technology Innovation Challenges RemainThe Next Generation
• Wind Turbines– Improve energy capture by 30%
– Decrease costs by 25%
• Biofuels– New feedstocks
– Integrated biorefineries
• Solar Systems– Improved performance through,
new materials, lower cost manufacturing processes, concentration
– Nanostructures
• Zero Energy Buildings– Building systems integration
– Computerized building energy optimization tools
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC
Achieving the Potential Requires
A Balanced Portfolio
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC
Managing the Lab-to-Market Interface
• Partner with industry, universities, other federal
agencies, international community and state/local
governments to deploy clean energy solutions
– NREL “storefronts”, DuPont CRADA, Xcel/SolarTAC
• Contribute timely and definitive analyses on
technology, policy, and market issues that impact
commercialization
• Provide investment community with credible
information (industry growth forums)
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC
Technology Development
Programs
Efficient Energy Use
• Vehicle Technologies
• Building Technologies
• Industrial Technologies
Energy Delivery and Storage
• Electricity Transmission and Distribution
• Alternative Fuels
• Hydrogen Delivery and Storage
Renewable Resources
• Wind and water
• Solar
• Biomass
• Geothermal
NR
EL R
&D
Port
folio
Foundational Science and Advanced Analytics8
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC
NREL FY2008 Program PortfolioActual $328.3 Million
Updated October 2008
Solar $72.4M
Wind $33.9M
Bioenergy $35.4M
Hydrogen $28.4M
Vehicle Technologies $19.3MBuildings $11.1M
FEMP $4.6M
WFO $18.7M
Other DOE $7.6M
Basic Sciences $13.5M
Facilities and Infrastructure $76.2M
Weatherization $3.4M
Transmission and Distribution $1.9M
Geothermal $1.9M
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC
Wind
Long Term Potential• 20% of the nation’s electricity supply
Today’s Status in U.S.• 22,820 MW installed capacity• Cost 6-9¢/kWh at good wind sites*
DOE Cost Goals• 3.6¢/kWh, onshore at low wind sites
by 2012• 7¢/kWh, offshore in shallow water by
2014
* With no Production Tax Credit
Updated December 8, 2008
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, American Wind Energy Association
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC
Wind
Source: Megavind Report Denmark’s future as leading centre of competence within the field of wind power
NREL Research Thrusts• Improved performance and reliability• Advanced rotor development• Utility grid integration
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC12
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC
Solar – Photovoltaics and CSP
Status in U.S.
PV
• 1,000 MW installed capacity
• Cost 18-23¢/kWh
CSP
• 419 MW installed capacity
• Cost 12¢/kWh
Potential:
PV
• 11-18¢/kWh by 2010
• 5-10 ¢/kWh by 2015
CSP
8.5 ¢/kWh by 2010
6 ¢/kWh by 2015
Source: U.S. Department of Energy, IEA
Updated January 5, 2009
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC
8.22-megawatt Alamosa, Colo., PV solar plant
NREL Research Thrusts
• PV– Higher performance cells/modules
– New nanomaterials applications
– Advanced manufacturing techniques
• CSP– Low cost high performance storage for
baseload markets
– Advanced absorbers, reflectors, and heat transfer fluids
– Next generation solar concentrators
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC
Geothermal
Today’s Status in U.S.• 2,800 MWe installed, 500 MWe
new contracts, 3000 MWe under
development
• Cost 5-8¢/kWh with no PTC
• Capacity factor typically > 90%,
base load power
DOE Cost Goals:• <5¢/kWh, for typical
hydrothermal sites
• 5¢/kWh, for enhanced
geothermal systems with mature
technology
Long Term Potential:• Recent MIT Analysis shows
potential for 100,000 MW installed
Enhanced Geothermal Power systems
by 2050, cost-competitive with coal-
powered generation
NREL Research Thrusts:• Analysis to define the technology path to
commercialization of Enhanced Geothermal
Systems
• Low temperature conversion cycles
• Better performing, lower cost components
• Innovative materialsApril 10, 2008
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC16
Buildings
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC
Status U.S. Buildings:
• 39% of primary energy
• 71% of electricity
• 38% of carbon emissions
DOE Goal:
• Cost effective, marketable zero energy
buildings by 2025
• Value of energy savings exceeds cost of
energy features on a cash flow basis
NREL Research Thrusts
• Whole building systems integration of
efficiency and renewable features
• Computerized building energy optimization
tools
• Building integrated PV
April 10, 2008
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC
An Integrated Approach is Required
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19NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC19
Distributed Energy Systems
Integration
• Systems Integration– PV Grid Integration
– Smart Grids
– DE System Modeling and Simulation
• Distributed Power – Codes and Standards Development
– Interconnection Equipment Testing
– Regulatory and Policy
– Microgrids testing and standards
• Advanced Power Electronics– Advanced Functionality
– Modular/Scaleable PE
• Renewable Electrolysis– Wind/PV to Hydrogen
– Testing and Characterization of Electrolyzers
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC20
Grid Integration Program Addressing
High-Penetration PV Challenges
• Issues Associated with High Penetration
– Affected by utilities' existing generation mix regulating capabilities, load characteristics, resource availability, and market structure
– Additional systems costs may go up with increasing penetration due to variability and uncertainty
• Solution Pathways
– Spatial diversity of the resource
– Flexible conventional generation
– Grid operations and control
– Load management
– Energy storage
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC21
PV Grid Integration
Working with SMUD and Xcel Energy to evaluate PV grid impacts
Currently installing data acquisition and monitoring on distribution
feeder at the Anatolia Sub-development in Rancho Cordova, CA
Over 600 homes will have 2kW of PV
Monitoring on
Distribution
Transformer Alamosa
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC22
Wind2H2 Project
Proton Energy
(PEM) 5kW
Electrolyzer
Teledyne
(Alkaline) 50kW
Electrolyzer
Proton Energy
(PEM) 5kW
Electrolyzer
Hydrogen IC Engine/
Genset 60kW
Utility
Grid
(Future) H2 Filling Station
AC Power
DC BUS
DC-DC
ConverterDC-DC
Converters
100kW Wind Turbine
Excess AC Power
10kW Wind
Turbine
AC-DC
Converter
Hydrogen Output
Hydrogen Compression
150psi - 3,500psiHydrogen Storage
85kg
Hydrogen Fuel Cell
5kW
AC Power
ASCO
Transfer
Switch
10kW
PV
DC-DC
Converters
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC23
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable
Energy, LLC
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC
Visit us online at www.nrel.gov
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