PRE-MODERNISM: REALISM & THE PRE-RAPHAELITE BROTHERHOOD

19th century continued…

Ah, Romanticism…isn’t it romantic?

REALISM – no! get REAL!• Started in mid 1800s France• Influenced by Positivism, a philosophical model developed by Auguste Comte

• Knowledge must come from proven ideas based on science or scientific theory• Darwin! Karl Marx!

• Artists depicted scenes of everyday contemporary life, disproved of historical or fictional subjects, they weren’t REAL

• “[An artist must apply] his personal faculties to the ideas and events of the times in which he lives… Art in painting should consist only in the representation of things visible and tangible to the artist. Every age should be respected only by its own artists, that is to say, by the artists who have lived in it. I also maintain that painting is an essentially concrete art form and can consist only of the representation of both real and existing things.” – Courbet, 1861

Gustave Courbet

The Stone Breakers1849oil on canvas5 ft. 3 in. x 8 ft. 6 in.

“Show me an angel and I’ll paint one” – Courbet’s famous words sum up Realism

Gustave Courbet

Burial at Ornans1849oil on canvas10 ft. x 22 ft.

Jean-François Millet

The Gleaners1857oil on canvas2 ft. 9 in. x 3 ft. 8 in.

Honoré Daumier

Rue Transnonian

1834lithograph12 x 17 1/2 in.

Honoré Daumier

The Third-Class Carriage

ca. 1862oil on canvas2 ft. 1 3/4 in. x 2 ft. 11 1/2 in.

Rosa Bonheur

The Horse Fair

1853-1855oil on canvas8 ft. 1/4 in. x 16 ft. 7 1/2 in.

Édouard Manet

Le Déjuner sur l’Herbe

1863oil on canvas7 ft. x 8 ft. 10 in.

Édouard Manet

Olympia

1863oil on canvas4 ft. 3 in. x 6 ft. 3 in.

Titian

Venus of Urbino

1538oil on canvas4 ft. x 5 ft. 6 in.

Adolphe-William Bouguereau, Nymphs and Satyr, 1873, oil on canvas8 ft. 6 in. high

Wilhelm Leibl

Three Woman in a Village Church

1878-1881oil on canvasapproximately 2 ft. 5 in. x 1 ft. 1 in.

Winslow Homer

The Veteran in a New Field

1865oil on canvas2 ft. 1/8 in. x 3 ft. 2 1/8 in.

Thomas Eakins

The Gross Clinic

1875oil on canvas8 ft. x 6 ft. 6 in.

John Singer Sargent

The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit1882oil on canvas7 ft. 3 3/8 in. x 7 ft. 3 5/8 in.

Henry Ossawa Tanner, The Thankful Poor

1894oil on canvas

2 ft. 11 1/2 in. x 3 ft. 8 1/4 in.Henry Ossawa Tanner, The Banjo Lesson

Edmonia Lewis

Forever Free

1867marble3 ft. 5 1/4 in. x 11 in. x 7 in.

Pre-RaphaelitesFictional, historical and fanciful subjects with a convincing degree of illusion

Refused to be limited to contemporary scenes of the REALIST movement

John Everett Millais

Ophelia

1852oil on canvas2 ft. 6 in. x 3 ft. 8 in.

Her clothes spread wide,And mermaidlike awhile they bore her up-Which time she chanted snatches of old tunes,As one incapable of her own distress.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti

Beata Beatrix

ca. 1863oil on canvas2 ft. 10 in. x 2 ft. 2 in.