21/04/2013

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ProposalProposal for benchmark for benchmark studystudy

Full Full scalescale warehousewarehouse real real firefire testtest

FULL FULL SCALESCALE WAREHOUSEWAREHOUSE IN IN STEELSTEEL STRUCTURESTRUCTURE

COST, 18-19 April 2013

Main goal of the test

� experimental investigation on the shape of flames and

consequent radiation heat flux

Full scale test was performed with

� Storage building occupying an area of more than 1600 m²

with two compartments of 36 x 24 m

� Unprotected steel frame

� Height of the building: 12 m

� different types of façade cladding

� Storage ratio: 80% of racks filled with wood racks

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FULL FULL SCALESCALE WAREHOUSEWAREHOUSE IN IN STEELSTEEL STRUCTURESTRUCTURE

COST, 18-19 April 2013

Fire wall

≈≈≈≈ 12 m

Warehouse divided into two fire compartments and one of

them subject to fire

FULL FULL SCALESCALE WAREHOUSEWAREHOUSE IN IN STEELSTEEL STRUCTURESTRUCTURE

COST, 18-19 April 2013

The compartment subject to fire with all building components

• structure (hot-rolled members) and envelop (roof and façades)

36 m x (24 m + 24 m)

H = 12 m

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FULL FULL SCALESCALE WAREHOUSEWAREHOUSE WITHWITH WOODWOOD PALLETSPALLETS

COST, 18-19 April 2013

Mur CF

IPE600

IPE600

24 m 24 m

IPE600

IPE 220

UPN 160

11,74

24 m 24 m

36 m

3 m

6 m

bardage double-peau

bardage simple-peau non protégé

bardage double-peau

toiture (bac acier + étanchéité)

IPE600

IPE 270

IPE 270

IPE600

Mur CF en plaque de plâtre

Mur CF en béton cellulaire

Mur CF en béton cellulaire

IPE 220

Five 8 m high racks filled with wood pallets (310 tons of wood)

FULL FULL SCALESCALE WAREHOUSEWAREHOUSE

COST, 18-19 April 2013

Ventilation condition:

• Roof: four 3 m x 2 m smoke exhaust vents

• Façade: five 1 m x 2,5 m reduced scale doors

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FULL FULL SCALESCALE WAREHOUSEWAREHOUSE FIRE TESTFIRE TEST

COST, 18-19 April 2013

Data recording

• 183 TC of which 87 for structural memebrs

• 2 displacement transducers on fire wall columns

• 38 heat fluxmeters

• 18 cameras

Detailed experimental results

• Videos

• Excel files

• Test report in French

THERMAL COUPLES

COST, 18-19 April 2013

Bardage double peau

Bar

dage

sim

ple

peau

Bar

dage

dou

ble

pea

u

Mur CF

IPE600

IPE 220

UPN 160 24 m 24 m

36 m

3 m

6 m

IPE600

IPE 270

IPE 270

IPE600

IPE 220

C20-C21 C10-C11

B1

B2

B3 B4

B5 B6

B7

B8 B9

B10 B11

C7-C9

C4-C6

C1-C3

C12-C13

C14-C15

B12

B13

B14

B15

Bx : poutre

Cx : poteau

C16-C17

C18-C19

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CHRONOLOGY OF THE FIREFIRE

COST, 18-19 April 2013

a : Allumage des palettes b : Développement du feu 7 min après l’allumage avec chute de débris

c : Propagation du feu à la rangé D (par rayonnement) au niveau inférieur

d : Effondrement de la rangée de racks E vu par la caméra placée entre les rangées D et E

CAM_3H-2m_1min28’ après allumage

CAM_3H-2m_7min 32’ après allumage

CAM_3H-2m_10min00’ après allumage CAM_4H+4m_≈22min après allumage

CHRONOLOGY OF THE FIREFIRE

COST, 18-19 April 2013

7.5 min 11 min 15 min

18.5 min 21.5 min 21.5 min

25 min 30 min 35 min

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CHRONOLOGY OF THE FIREFIRE

COST, 18-19 April 2013

35 min

40 min

61 min

65 min

GAS TEMPERATURE

COST, 18-19 April 2013

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Tem

pé

ratu

re (

°C)

Temps (min)

TC13 TC14

TC15 TC16

TC17 TC18

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Tem

pér

atu

re (

°C)

Temps (min)

TC26 TC27 TC28 TC29

TC30 TC31 TC32

central rack: source of the fire

rack close to façade

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TEMPERATURE OF STEEL BEAMS

COST, 18-19 April 2013

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27

Tem

pé

ratu

re (

°C)

Temps (min)

TC1

TC2

TC3

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27

Tem

pé

ratu

re (

°C)

Temps (min)

TC13

TC14

TC15

TEMPERATURE OF STEEL COLUMNS

COST, 18-19 April 2013

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27

Tem

pé

ratu

re (

°C)

Temps (min)

TC 26 : C1 TC 32 : C2

TC 33 : C2 TC 38 : C3TC 43 : C4 TC 46 : C5TC 47 : C5

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27

Tem

pé

ratu

re (

°C)

Temps (min)

TC 22 : C1 TC 23 : C1 TC 28 : C2

TC 29 : C2 TC 34 : C3 TC 35 : C3

TC 40 : C4 TC 41 : C4 TC 44 : C5

TC 45 : C5 TC 60 : C9 TC 61 : C9

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STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR

COST, 18-19 April 2013

Real fire

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210

Dis

plac

emen

t(m

m)

Time (min)

Dép_Poteau 1

Dép_Poteau 2

OBJECTIVE OF BENCHMARK STUDY

COST, 18-19 April 2013

• Fire resistance of unprotected steel structure under real fire

• Tenability condition for occupants before the collapse of

unprotected steel structure

• Failure mode of unprotected steel structure

• inward collpase

• Progressive collapse of steel structures