Post on 09-Mar-2018
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2017/EWG/EGEEC/WKSP2/009
Project Overview and Preliminary Analysis
Submitted by: International Institute for Energy Conservation
Workshop on Reducing Losses in Power Distribution Through Improved Efficiency of
Distribution TransformersJeju, Korea
28 March 2017
ORGANISERS:
Project Overview and Preliminary Analysis
28 March 2017 | Jeju, Republic of Korea Samat Sukenaliev
Sommai Phon-Amnuaisuk International Institute for Energy Conservation
Reducing Losses in Power Distribution through Improved Efficiency of Distribution Transformers (EWG 05 2015A)
Outline
1. Project Background
2. Project Objectives
3. Main Outputs
4. Review of main outputs
5. Preliminary Analysis
6. Next Steps
3/27/2017 APEC Transformer Energy Efficiency March 28, 2017 2
Project Background
• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the International Copper Association (ICA) and the China Standard Certification Company (CSC), initiated the project to provide knowledge and experience obtained from designing, planning and implementing improved efficiency of distribution transformers;
• Study and analyze benefits from the adoption of the upcoming IEC 60076-20 standard;
• Share experiences and lessons learnt through EE policies and regulations aiming for improved efficiency of DTs in the residential, commercial and industrial sectors;
• Formulate policy recommendations and strategies for future acceleration of energy efficiency practice in the APEC economies;
3/27/2017 APEC Transformer Energy Efficiency March 28, 2017 3
Project Objectives
• The long-term goal of the project is to support APEC economies with adoption of the IEC 60076-20 standard, to drive technology changes and increase DT’s energy performance. The specific objectives of the project are: – To build the capacity of policy makers on the impact of adopting IEC
60076-20 standard for their economies in terms of electricity distribution loss reductions and GHG emission reductions and;
– To provide policy makers with clear policy recommendations that are made in consultation with key stakeholders (testing laboratories, manufacturers, standard making bodies etc);
3/27/2017 APEC Transformer Energy Efficiency March 28, 2017 4
Main Outputs of the Project
IIEC-Technical Consultant
• Review of Past Studies;
• Comparative Analysis and Technical Recommendations;
• Workshop to discuss with key stakeholders key issues and policy recommendations;
• Preparation of a Policy and Regulatory Recommendation based on Consultation Workshops with key stakeholders;
3/27/2017 APEC Transformer Energy Efficiency March 28, 2017 5
Comparative Analysis of Existing Standards (Status)
• Detailed studies are being conducted to compare existing standards with the new IEC standards;
• load/no load losses are used to determine the energy performance of Distribution Transformers (DTs).
• Based on the comparative analysis the formulation of recommendations will be made regarding the method to best regulate energy performance in DTs to minimize uncertainty in energy saving benefits and drive technology improvements (from 50% EE to load/no-load losses standard);
Policy and regulatory recommendations (Status)
• Through active consultation with beneficiaries, the project is formulating policy and regulatory recommendations to assist APEC economies in adopting the new IEC standard (ongoing);
• A direct one-on-one consultations with utilities, policy-makers and manufacturers
• The policy recommendations report will include clear guidelines to the development of policy roadmaps for the intention of policy makers;
3/27/2017 APEC Transformer Energy Efficiency March 28, 2017 7
Consultation workshops and Conference
• The main objective of the today’s workshop is to ensure effective consultation with strategic stakeholders;
• To share experiences and lessons learnt from leading practitioners and best-practice through EE policies and regulations;
• To disseminate the outputs of this project and develop partnerships to initiate domestic processes for adoption of the new IEC standard;
3/27/2017 APEC Transformer Energy Efficiency March 28, 2017 8
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
IEC TS 60076-20
• The most recent edition published in 2017 – Power Transformers – Part 20: Energy Efficiency
• Provides methods for efficiency and efficiency index calculation
• Provides two levels of recommendations – Level 1 is for basic energy performance – Level 2 is for high energy performance
• Energy performance MAY be specified in one of the following ways: – Minimum PEI (Peak Efficiency Index) – Maximum load losses and maximum no-load losses – Minimum Efficiency Index at a load factor of 50%
Efficiency Profile of DTs
Level 1 Level 2
Min PEI 98.741% 99.014%
Max NL/LL 90/1100 81/750
Min EI@50% 98.657% 99.004%
80.000%
82.000%
84.000%
86.000%
88.000%
90.000%
92.000%
94.000%
96.000%
98.000%
100.000%
Effi
cien
cy (%
)
22 kV 50 kVA Distribution Transformer
Level 1
Level 2
PEI @ around 30% Load
Reservation on 50% Load Factor Efficiency
Source: Estimation by ICA
Same EI @ 50% Load for different NL/LL
95.000%
95.500%
96.000%
96.500%
97.000%
97.500%
98.000%
98.500%
99.000%
99.500%
Effi
cien
cy (%
)
22 kV 50 kVA Distribution Transformer
Model A
Model B
Model C
Model D
Model E
EIB50 = 98.657%
Estimation of Energy Savings
• Average load factors are generally used to estimate total energy losses and savings.
• Prelim analysis found that:
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Average 50% Load Factor
IEC 60076-20 Scenario
- Load losses/no load losses
- Efficiency at 50% load
- Peak efficiency index
Energy Loss 100 kWh
Energy Loss 110 kWh
Energy Loss 105 kWh
Analysis Approach
Compiling DT Population at the
Utility Level Classifications by
kV/KVA
Defining DT Losses/
Efficiency
Baseline Scenario MEPS/
Utilities’ Procurements
IEC 60076-20 Scenario
- Load losses/no load losses
- Efficiency at 50% load
- Peak efficiency index
Defining Analysis
Methodology
Typical Load Profiles for
Different End-Use Sectors
Annual Variation/ Load
Factor
Key Variables: Electricity Tariff
(current/ projection),
Emission Factor, discount rate,
service life
Projecting Energy Consumption/ CO2 Emission
Baseline Scenario Energy
Consumption/ CO2
Emission (2017-2036)/
LCC
IEC 60076-20 Scenario Energy
Consumption/ CO2
Emission (2017-2036)/
LCC
Extrapolation at the APEC
Economy Level - Baseline - IEC 60076-20 - Savings
Previous Studies
• APEC Distribution Transformer Survey (APEC EWG 2013)
• EE Potential for Distribution Transformers in the APEC Economies (2013)
• Asset Maintenance, Refurbishment and Replacement Practices in ASEAN Utilities (HAPUA Working Group 3, 2015)
• Market Study for Transformers and Power Cables in Thailand (ICA 2016)
• Market Research on Copper – Intensive Technologies in the Philippines (ICA 2016)
DT Inventory in APEC Economies
• More than 63 million units – Covering utilities + private sector, excluding China
– Estimated using the Bottom-Up Energy Analysis System (BUENAS)
• Average sizes 73 kVA – 1,250 kVA
493 kVA
1,250 kVA
770 kVA
142 kVA
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
-
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
Au
stra
lia
Bru
nei
Ca
na
da
Ch
ile
Ch
ina
Ho
ng
Kon
gIn
do
nes
ia
Jap
an
Mal
aysi
a
Mex
ico
New
Zea
lan
d
Pap
ua
New
Gu
inea
Peru
Phili
pp
ines
Ru
ssia
Sin
gap
ore
Sou
th K
ore
a
Ta
ipe
i
Th
aila
nd
USA
Vie
tnam
Nu
mb
er
of
Inst
all
ed
DT
s (m
illi
on
un
its)
Installed Unit (million)
Average Rating (kVA)
Utility DT Inventory in ASEAN
• More than 800,000 in 2013 (excluding the Philippines)
• Utility installations are about half of the total stock in each country.
Brunei, 2,800
Cambodia, 3,166
Indonesia, 362,746
Lao PDR, 23,235
Malaysia, 59,435
Singapore, 15,500 Thailand,
310,103
Vietnam, 21,273
DT Rating in ASEAN
• APEC 2013 study assumed an average rating of 73 kVA in most ASEAN countries.
• HAPUA surveys - most utility DTs are 1-phase with rating <100 kVA and 3-phase rating ≤250 kVA but majority of kVA install is from 501 – 1,100 kVA.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Bru
ne
i
Cam
bo
dia
Ind
on
esi
a
Lao
PD
R
Mal
aysi
a
Phili
pp
ines
Sin
gap
ore
Thai
lan
d
Vie
tna
m
Ave
rage
DT
Rat
ing
(kV
A)
HAPUA Data
APEC Study
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
< 100 kVA (1-phase)
≤ 250 kVA (3-phase)
251 - 500 kVA
501-1000 kVA
1001 -2000 kVA
Nu
mb
er
of
DTs
Inst
alle
d
DT Rating
Installed Unit
Installed MVA
No-Load Losses in Asian Utilities
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
No
-Lo
ad L
oss
es
(W)
PEA 22kV
PEA 33kV
IEC 60076-20 level 1
IEC 60076-20 level 2
Load Losses in Asian Utilities
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
Load
Lo
sse
s (W
)
PEA
IEC 60076-20 level 1
IEC 60076-20 level 2
Next Steps
• Document policy and regulatory recommendations from this workshop;
• Detailed Technical Analysis of Existing Standard VS IEC Standard;
• Based on the Findings above Prepare Policy and Regulatory Recommendations;
• Findings will be shared with PSC members and discussed during the next workshop;
3/27/2017 APEC Transformer Energy Efficiency March 28, 2017 22
THANK YOU
For more information, please contact:
Samat Sukenaliev – ssukenaliev@iiec.org
Sommai Phon-Amnuaisuk – sphonamnuaisuk@iiec.org