Post on 28-Jan-2016
Prof Stephen LangleyProfessor of Urology
St Luke’s Cancer Centre, Guildford, UK
PGMS, University of Surrey
Focal BrachytherapyFocal Brachytherapy
UK experienceUK experience
Is there a problem?Is there a problem?
Prostate Cancer FocalityProstate Cancer Focality• 13-38% cancer are unifocal. • Of multifocal tumours, in 97% the Gleason grade
of the index tumour was the same as the grade of the overall cancer.
• PFS relates to index tumour volume not secondary tumour Stamey, Urology 2002
• Multifocal tumours, 80% of the total volume arises from the index lesion.
• 512/1832 (28%) of RP patients ECE was evident with 92% of extensions from the index lesion.
• In low risk PAC, 28% unifocal lesions with 1% showing EPE.
Arora et al, Cancer 2004
Ohori et al, J Urol 2006
Prostate Cancer FocalityProstate Cancer Focality• Multiple studies have suggested that non-index
lesions have little if any clinical significance
Noguci et al, J Urol 2003
Karavitakis et al, Nat Rev Clin Onc 2011
Mouraviev et al, BJUInt 2011
Ideal for Focal Therapy: Ideal for Focal Therapy:
• Tumour-cidal activity throughout target zone• Real-time monitoring• Minimal-access approach to gland• Minimal collateral effects outside treatment
focus• Cost effective• Allows re-treatment or subsequent whole
gland radical treatment
Eggener et al, J Urol 2007, 178 2260BXTBXT
Terminology: Focal BXTTerminology: Focal BXT
• CTV: Whole gland plus 3mm margin• F-GTV: Gross visible/detectable tumour• F-CTV:F-GTV + clinically insignificant disease• F-PTV : F-CTV + planning margin to allow for
uncertainties in treatment delivery
Ultra-Focal
Focal
ImagingImagingPreferred Imaging modality, mpMRI
• T1/T2, Diff weighting, DCE
• For 0.5ml tumour NPV 95%, PPV 77%
Sens. 90%, Spec. 88%Villers A, et al. J Urol 2006; 176:
Dosimetric Effects of Focal Dosimetric Effects of Focal BXTBXT
Male UrethraMale Urethra
Urethral Planning
• N=21• Clinical & MRI staging T1c-
T2a• PSA<10, Vol <75cc• Unilateral Gleason ≤3+4• No core <50% cancer• <25% cores involved• >20 Biopsy cores taken
• Real-time technique, loose seeds
• Ultra-focal approach, using mpMRI & biopsy map
• Mean Vol R 34% (20-48)• Uniform seed distribution• F-PTV 145Gy, no CT• PSA FU-(Phoenix), MRI &
Biopsy 1-2yrs
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Months
Pre fBXT
2m
6m
12m
• IPSS change similar to whole gland toxicity
• Little change in potency IIEF 19-20 throughout
• No incontinence: ICS• No rectal toxicity
Mea
n I
PS
S
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 0.5 1
• 6 patients biopsied: whole gland
• N=5: no cancer• N=1: 1mm Gleason 3+3
contralateral base to that implanted.
Patient on Active Surveillance
Mea
n P
SA
Yrs
Hemi-Ablative Prostate Brachytherapy (HAPpy)
1o Objectives
• To determine if focal brachytherapy shows improved rates of toxicity compared to whole-gland LDR brachytherapy.
• To determine if focal brachytherapy is associated with similar local disease control rates as whole-gland LDR brachytherapy for low and intermediate prostate cancer.
A Prospective Stage 2S Clinical Trial A Prospective Stage 2S Clinical Trial Evaluating Hemi-Ablative (LDR) Brachytherapy Evaluating Hemi-Ablative (LDR) Brachytherapy
for Localised Prostate Cancerfor Localised Prostate Cancer
A Prospective Stage 2S Clinical Trial A Prospective Stage 2S Clinical Trial Evaluating Hemi-Ablative (LDR) Brachytherapy Evaluating Hemi-Ablative (LDR) Brachytherapy
for Localised Prostate Cancerfor Localised Prostate Cancer
2o Objectives
• To histologically assess the untreated prostate at 2-years post hemi-ablative treatment.
• To determine the clinical validity of mp-MRI to predict the presence of recurrent prostate cancer on TTB biopsies.
• To assess the value of serum PSA & urinary EN2 in predicting clinical outcome
A Prospective Stage 2S Clinical Trial A Prospective Stage 2S Clinical Trial Evaluating Hemi-Ablative (LDR) Brachytherapy Evaluating Hemi-Ablative (LDR) Brachytherapy
for Localised Prostate Cancerfor Localised Prostate CancerPatient Eligibility
• TRUS Bx (if taken): unilateral disease only
• mp-MRI • Targeted template biopsy (TTB):
unilateral disease only, &Gleason < 7 (either 3+4 or
4+3)• Stage T1-T2b N0 M0 • Serum PSA < 15• Prostate volume < 50cc• Life expectancy > 10 years• No previous radiation therapy• No previous hormone treatment
A Prospective Stage 2S Clinical Trial A Prospective Stage 2S Clinical Trial Evaluating Hemi-Ablative (LDR) Brachytherapy Evaluating Hemi-Ablative (LDR) Brachytherapy
for Localised Prostate Cancerfor Localised Prostate Cancer
Sponsor: NHS R&D RSCHLREC: Approved Jan 2013
Brachytherapy Brachytherapy F Brachytherapy Brachytherapy
• Simple clinic U/S (H , W , L3).• Nomogram calculation of seed requirement.• Preloaded stranded seeds implanted peripherally.• Real-time planning.• Loose seeds implanted centrally.• 4thD: Average 40 min per implant.
F Brachytherapy Brachytherapy
FFCTVCTVFFPTVPTV
Parameter Criteria
Prescription Dose 145 Gy
V100 >95%
V150 50-60%
D90 140-160 Gy
Urethra V150 < 15%
Rectum D0.1cc < 200Gy
PTVPTVCTVCTV
Stranded seed, 1cm spacing Loose seed, variable spacing
Follow up• Day 0 CT• PSA, EN2, MHI:
3, 6 ,9, 12, 18, 24m
• 24m mpMRI• 24m TTB of untreated side• Standard follow up
A Prospective Stage 2S Clinical Trial A Prospective Stage 2S Clinical Trial Evaluating Hemi-Ablative (LDR) Brachytherapy Evaluating Hemi-Ablative (LDR) Brachytherapy
for Localised Prostate Cancerfor Localised Prostate Cancer
To date ….To date ….
Financial DisclosuresFinancial Disclosures