Prof. dr. Marija Todorovic Prof. dr. Marija Todorovic

DERES - DIVISION FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia

deresmt@EUnet.yu, deres@agrifaculty.bg.ac.yuderesmt@EUnet.yu, deres@agrifaculty.bg.ac.yuwww.rcub.bg.ac.yu/dereswww.rcub.bg.ac.yu/deres

2006 62006 6thth November November

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF BUILDINGS

ART AND SCIENCE OF SUSTAINABLE ART AND SCIENCE OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS DESIGN - BUILDINGS INTELLIGENCE BUILDINGS DESIGN - BUILDINGS INTELLIGENCE

AND ETHICS OF SUSTAINABILITYAND ETHICS OF SUSTAINABILITY

Presentaion to the UNESCO E-Learning

audience practical experience and results

obtained by the implementation of the

computational modeling techniques BPS -

Building Performance Simulation and CFD -

Computational Fluid Dynamics with an aim to

predict and optimize dynamic thermal

behaviour of an integrated

buildings/HVAC/other technical systems energy

efficiency and indoor environment quality.

AIM OF THIS LECTURE

BUILDING BUILDING TECHNICAL TECHNICAL

ENERGY ENERGY SYSTEMSYSTEM

OUTPUT AT THE END OF THE EXPLOATATION AND CLOSEDOWN OF THE SYSTEM

MACHINERY, CONSTRUCTION, IMPROVEMENT AND RECONSTRUCTION

EXPLOATATIONOUTPUT

EXPLOATATIONINPUT

INCLUDING SERVICE

SCHEME OF THE ELEMENTARY MODEL ANALYSIS OF THE SCHEME OF THE ELEMENTARY MODEL ANALYSIS OF THE BUILDING ENERGY SYSTEMBUILDING ENERGY SYSTEM

Buildings consume materials, energy and produce wastes

The most important to delay fossil energy resources exhaustion and to reduce pollution controlling climate change are RES

Solar energy (thermal, PV and photo-thermal

conversion)

Biofuels and Biomass energy

Geothermal and Wind energy

Wave and OTEC energy

Fuel cells and Hydrogen, produced using RES

Low-carbon energy technologies combined with

improvements in end-use efficiencies

TO TURN IRREVERSIBILITY TO TO TURN IRREVERSIBILITY TO SUSTAINABILITY RES-TECHNOLOGIESSUSTAINABILITY RES-TECHNOLOGIES

Sustainable Urban and Rural Sustainable Urban and Rural CommunitiesCommunities

employing a high percentage employing a high percentage of of renewable energy suppliesrenewable energy supplies

shall adopt innovative and improved shall adopt innovative and improved technical technical and and

socio-economicsocio-economic approaches approaches to to CHP-RES CHP-RES based “based “green electricitygreen electricity”, ”,

clean heatingclean heating, , coolingcooling or both and or both and

integrated energy distribution networksintegrated energy distribution networks, , including combinations with including combinations with

conventional large scale energy distribution conventional large scale energy distribution

PASSIVE AND ACTIVE SOLAR & DISTRICT HEATING

Experimentig and monitoring

Experimenting and monitoring for modeling vlidation

INPUT DATA

Flat plate solar collector field

Solar collectors testing resultsSolar collectors testing results

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2

IMT - A lin

IMT - A kv

GOŠA - B lin

GOŠA - B kv

14.DEC - C lin

SEVOJNO - D lin

SEVOJNO - D kv

ZCZ KG - E lin

ŠINVOZ - F lin

ELASTIK - G lin

ELASTIK - G kv

T*

h

TRNSYS

GLAZINGGLAZING

The Commercial The Commercial bank in bank in FrankfurtFrankfurtGermanyGermanyFullyFullySuccess Success Story?Story?

INTEGRATED BUILDINS DESIGNINTEGRATED BUILDINS DESIGNPOLYVALENT FACADES POLYVALENT FACADES

OPTIMIZATIONOPTIMIZATION Multifunctional optimization of buildings Multifunctional optimization of buildings

thermal behavior viathermal behavior via

dynamic adjustments and dynamic adjustments and

thermal load control, thermal load control,

control of level of daylighting and artificial control of level of daylighting and artificial

lighting, lighting,

and production of thermal and and production of thermal and

electrical energy using available solar electrical energy using available solar

radiationradiation

FOSTER NORMAN FOSTER NORMAN

Re-Swiss Center LondonRe-Swiss Center London

FOSTER NORMAN LONDON CITY HALLFOSTER NORMAN LONDON CITY HALL

CREATIVITY & IMAGINATIONCREATIVITY & IMAGINATION

Temperature flow for different ACH - The last 10 days of June -

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

4345

4357

4369

4381

4393

4405

4417

4429

4441

4453

4465

4477

4489

4501

4513

4525

4537

4549

4561

4573 h

t [ºC]

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500TaTbTcTdI

I [W]

3-D Presentation of Model 0 and EE at the west side ground level

Daylight intensity in horizontal plane at the 0.8m above floor

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

5000001 8

15 22

5

12 19

2 9

16 23

W

m odel M6

m odel M0

RES DISTRIBUTED TRIGENERATIONRES DISTRIBUTED TRIGENERATION

Added economic and environmental values given by Distributed Energy systems, based on RES and smaller-scale installations are:

Modularity and shorter delivery terms

diversity of sustainable energy sources/fuels and diminution of vulnerability with regard to prices, reliability and resistance

stable quality and security conditions of supply

Kapotrošacima(za hladenje)

Od gasnepodstanice

Kapotrošacima(za grejanje)

Kapotrošacimasanitarnetople vode(37°C)

Kapotrošacimasanitarnetople vode(60°C)

Apsorpcioni

hladnjak

Rashladna

kula

Kapotrošacimaelektricneenergije

Višakelektricneenergije - kaEDB

Višak toplotneenergije - katoplani

Kogeneracionimodul

Scenario 10

Cooling/Heating load

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

110.0

120.0

M01 M02-1 M02-1-1 M02-2 M02-3 M02-4 M02-5 M02-6 M02-7 M02-7-1 M02-8

W/m

2

Heating load

Cooling load- full int. load

Cooling load-red. int. load

Cooling load-int.load=0

SW orientated office, 21. June 12h, Sunny Sky, Glazing VT 50%, without blinds

0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1000.00

1200.00

1400.00

MWh

Base Case Energy Efficient Lights

Lighting energy for Base Case and for Energy Efficient Lights

0.00

500.00

1000.00

1500.00

2000.00

2500.00

MWh

Heating energy Cooling energy Lighting energy

Difference between heating, cooling and lighting energy for applied energy efficient measure-dimming

Full load glass type Brilliant 66/33 Full load glass type Brilliant 66/33 w ith dimming

Difference between heating, cooling and lighting Difference between heating, cooling and lighting energy for applied energy efficient measure - dimmingenergy for applied energy efficient measure - dimming

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

200000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

J UL

J UL, sa TS

M1-JUS

M2-JUS

M3-JUS

M4-JUS

M5-DIN

M6-DIN

M7-DIN

M8-DIN

M9-DIN

Heating energyHeating energy

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

M1 M2 M3 M4 M6 M9 M5 M10 M7 M8

MW

htg

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Mw

hel

Electrical energyElectrical energy

EEnergoprojektnergoprojekt Headquater Block New Belgrade Headquater Block New Belgrade SFSF 87000 kWh, WF 58000 kWh, EF 23000 kWh 87000 kWh, WF 58000 kWh, EF 23000 kWh

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

kWh/m2

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

Month

SM110

SR50-Z

PW 1000

Mean monthly electricity yield in kWh/m² Mean monthly electricity yield in kWh/m² of different PV modulesof different PV modules

0.0

2000.0

4000.0

6000.0

8000.0

10000.0

12000.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Month

West

South

East

Produced electrical energy at the Produced electrical energy at the nontransparent building`s surfacesnontransparent building`s surfaces

TERAZIAN TERASSE in BelgradeTERAZIAN TERASSE in Belgrade

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

800.0

900.0

1000.0

Cool

ing

load

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

hour

M3.1 DESIGN DAY

Design day cooling load profileDesign day cooling load profile

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

hour

s

5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95

percent

M3.1 COOLING PERCENT - FAN COIL SYSTEM

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

hour

s

5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95

percent

M3.1 HEATING PERCENT - FAN COIL SYSTEM

Residential building block

0

1.5

3

4.5

6

7.5

9

10.5

12

13.5

15

0 0.15 0.3 0.45 0.6 0.75 0.9 1.05 1.2 1.35 1.5 1.65

Velocity [m/ s]

Hei

ght [

m]

11.522.533.544.55

Vw [m/ s]

4

5.5

7

8.5

10

11.5

13

14.5

16

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Air changes [h-1]

Ope

ning

hei

ght [

m]

11.522.533.544.55

Vw [m/ s]

Sensor for very low pressure difference Sensor for very low pressure difference measurementmeasurement

BUILDING INTELLIGENCE BUILDING INTELLIGENCE

Buildings performance simulationBuildings performance simulation

and and e-automatione-automation are crucial are crucial

technologies/techniques for design, technologies/techniques for design,

construction and operation of construction and operation of

sustainable buildings, or so called sustainable buildings, or so called Green Green

buildingsbuildings with its distributed integrated with its distributed integrated

RES energy supply system, HVAC, RES energy supply system, HVAC,

lighting and other technical systemslighting and other technical systems

take full advantage of IT and provide energy efficient, flexible, productive, healthy and cost-effective buildings supporting its EMS and BAS and make “smart metering” of HVAC components as well as electricity/district cooling and other utilities operation, optimizing EnEf and/or giving facilities managers the information necessary to make better decisions reducing overall energy use and costs – development of related decision support expert systems

E-AUTOMATED GREEN BUILDINGSE-AUTOMATED GREEN BUILDINGS

INHERENTLY INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS INHERENTLY INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS ENVIROMENTALLY ETHICAL ARE ACHIEVABLEENVIROMENTALLY ETHICAL ARE ACHIEVABLE

Kyoto, Green, LEED-Buildings, Solar Cities, Lean- Buildings Strategic objectives:

the reduction of greenhouse gases and pollutant emission,

the security of energy supply, the RES and RMS utilization

To achieve an enhanced competitiveness of knowledge based integrated green buildings

design/engineering systems software and hardware and related materials, elements, structures and systems

industry development