Designing the

Product/Service

Products and Services

should be designed

so that they can be

created effectively

Designing the Processes

that produce

the Product/Service

Processes should be designed

so that they can create

all products and services

decided

Decisions taken during the design of Product/Service impacts

the Process that will produce the Product/Service and vice-versa

VARIETY

VOLUME

Project

Job Shop

Batch

AssemblyLine

Continous

VARIETY

VOLUME

Project

Job Shop

Batch

AssemblyLine

Continous

Fixed-Position

Process

Group Technology

Cellular

Product

Layout Types

(a) Layout of a job shop

FoundryMilling

machines

LathesGrinding

Painting Drills

Office

Welding

Forging

(b) Layout of a production lineStation 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4

Flow through a Process Layout

Drilling

D D

D D

Grinding

G G

G G

G G

Milling

M M

M M

M M

Assembly

A A

A A

Lathing

Receiving and shipping

L

L L

L L

L L

L

(a) Jumbled flows in a job shop without GT cells

Flow through Group Technology Layout

(b) Line flows in a job shop with three GT cells

Cell 3

L M G G

Cell 1 Cell 2

Assembly area

A A

L M DL

L MShipping

D

Receiving

G