Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain Chapter 4 TCP/IP Network Simulation.

Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain

Chapter 4

TCP/IP Network Simulation

Objectives

Appreciate the role of simulation in performance evaluation of TCP/IP networks

Acquire the knowledge needed to conduct steady state simulation

Master basic skills for analyzing confidence level Describe types of simulation tools available Familiarize with the capabilities of popular

simulation tools

Contents

Why use simulation Systematic simulation study Types of simulations Simulation validation and verification Confidence level of simulation results Simulation with self similar traffic Simulation tools

Why Use

Simulation

Why Use Simulation

Predict performance for proposed network Allow performance evaluation under a wide

variety of network conditions Compare alternative architectures under

identical and repeatable conditions Produce results closer to reality Validate analytical results

Systematic

Simulation

Systematic Simulation Study

Pre-software stage Define problem/objective Design network model and select fixed parameters Select performance metrics Select variable parameters

Systematic Simulation Study (Cont.)

Software stageModel constructionSimulation configurationSimulation execution/Data collectionResult presentation

Types of

Simulation

Types of simulations

Continuos vs. discrete event Terminating vs. steady state Synthetic vs. trace-driven

Steady State

If we are interested in asymptotic behavior of a network system, we cannot use terminating simulations

Must continue until it reaches steady state

Trace-Driven Simulations

Actual network traces can be used as simulation input

Results can be more convincing

Validation and Verification

Simulation Validation and Verification

Validation: Make sure that the assumptions are realistic

Verification: Make sure that the model implements assumptions correctly

Guidelines to followLook for “surprise” in outputEmploy analytical modelingCompare with real network data

Confidence Level Analysis

Confidence Level

Relative precision formula for 95% confidence (see Eq. 4.8, pp. 84)

Confidence level in terminating simulation

Repeat the entire simulation many times with different random numbers (or seeds)

p105, Fig. 4.4

Confidence Level (cont.)

Confidence level in steady-state simulation

Fixed length simulation

Adaptive length simulation

Self Similar Traffic

Poisson model does not capture the burstiness of TCP/IP traffic TCP/IP traffic usually exhibits self similar property Generated by superimposing many ON/OFF sources with Pareto

distribution

Simulation Tools

Classification of Simulation Tools GPPL: General Purpose Programming Language PSL: “Plain” Simulation Language SP: Simulation Package p110, Fig. 4.7

NS Simulator

Developed by UC Berkeley Public domain SP Object-oriented Written in C++ and object-oriented tcl

(Otcl) Network components are represented by

classes

Ns class hierarchy

Reference network for TCP simulation with background traffic

Sequence No. vs. time

Average throughput vs buffer size

Single FTP with trace-driven “star wars movie” internet traffic

TCP throughput vs time

TCP packet delay vs time

Developed by OPNET Technologies Inc. Commercial SP Object-oriented Totally menu-driven package Built-in model libraries contain most

popular protocols and applications Simulation task made easy

Modeling hierarchy in OPNET

Screen shot of a network-level modeling in OPNET

Screen shot of a node-level modeling in OPNET

Screen shot of a process-level modeling in OPNET

Editing pad of state executives for process modeling in OPNET

Link editor dialog box to set parameters of a point to point link object

Packet editor to specify or edit details of TCP header fields

Packet Editor to specify or edit details of TCP header

Probe Editor to collect seven different types of statistics

Simulation Tool showing two different simulation sequences

Main menu of Analysis Tool

Network model for RED gateway

Evolution of buffer occupancy under FIFO and RED

Network model for fairness evolution

Average TCP/UDP throughput under FIFO

Average TCP/UDP throughput under RED

Average TCP/UDP throughput under WFQ

Selecting the Right Tool

Built-in libraries Credibility User-Friendliness Technical support Level of Details Resource consumption Cost

NS vs. OPNET

Both have emerged as de facto “standard” for simulating TCP/IP networks

P143, Table 4.6

Packet delay vs link capacity

Prentice HallHigh Performance TCP/IP Networking, Hassan-Jain Chapter 4 TCP/IP Network Simulation.

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