PRESENT PERFECTSIMPLE

POSITIVE

I have (‘ve)

You have (‘ve)

He has (‘s)

She has (‘s) + past participle

It has (‘s)

We have (‘ve)

You have (‘ve)

They have (‘ve)

He has travelled a lot or He’s travelled a lot

Form:

QUESTION

Have I

Have you

Has he

Has she + past participle ?

Has it

Have we

Have you

Have they

Have you written these books ?

NEGATIVE

I have not (haven´t)

You have not (haven´t)

He has not (hasn´t)

She has not (hasn’t) + past participle

It has not (hasn´t)

We have not (haven´t)

You have not (haven´t)

They have not (haven´t)

They haven’t been to school

SHORT ANSWERS

Yes, I / you / we / they / have

he/ she / it has

No, I / you / we / they/ haven’t

he / she/ it hasn’t

Have you painted the room ? Has he brushed his teeth ?

Yes, we have No, he hasn’t

Use:

We use the present perfect simple to talk about something that happened in the past and has a connection with the present

He has had a problem with his leg

(It means that his leg is still broken)

When we talk about actions or situations in the past without a definite time He has lost his key

When we give information about a recent event

Spanish scientists have made important discoveries about cancer

When we talk about things we have done until now

I have painted ten pictures so far

When we talk about experiences we have had in life:

Have you been to China?

No, I haven’t but I’d love to

With the following time expressions:

EVER (alguna vez), NEVER (nunca)

Have you ever flown in a hot air balloon?

I haver never seen a ghost

JUST (acabar de)

He has just won a prize

ALREADY ( positive) (ya), YET ( question, negative) (aún, todavía)

I have already made the bed

The class hasn’t started yet

FOR (durante), SINCE (desde)

He has done his homework for half an hour

They have worked here since February

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

POSITIVE

I have (‘ve) been

You have (‘ve) been

He has (‘s) been

She has (‘s) been Verb+ -ing

It has (‘s) been

We have (‘ve) been

You have (‘ve) been

They have (‘ve) been

He has been running for a long time or He’s been running for a long time

Form:

QUESTION

Have I been

Have you been

Has he been

Has she been Verb+ -ing ?

Has it been

Have we been

Have you been

Have they been

Have they been playing ?

NEGATIVE

I have not (haven´t) been

You have not (haven´t) been

He has not (hasn´t) been

She has not (hasn’t) been

It has not (hasn´t) been Verb+ -ing

We have not (haven´t) been

You have not (haven´t) been

They have not (haven´t) been

She hasn’t been having a good time

SHORT ANSWERS

Yes, I / you / we / they / have

he/ she / it has

No, I / you / we / they/ haven’t

he / she/ it hasn’t

Have you been cooking? Has he been working?

Yes, we have No, he hasn’t

Use:

We use the present perfect continuous to talk about actions or situations that started in the past and are still in progress

He has been learning English for five years

(He is still learning English)

Past Now

When we talk about actions or situations that have recently stopped but they still have present results

You are wet . Yes, It has been raining a lot !

When we talk about repeated actions

I have been sending him a lot of messages all day

With “ How long ” questions

How long has she been listening to music?

With the following time expressions:

-recently -lately -since -for -all day -all morning

He has been driving lately

I have been drawing since five o´clock

What have you been doing recently?

What is the difference

between The Present Perfect Continuous

…

and the Present Perfect Simple?

They have been reading a book about witches

We are interested in the activity,

the action has not finished

They have read a book about witches

We pay attention to the result of the activity.

The action has finished

What is the difference

between the Present Perfect

…

and the Past Simple?

He has travelled a lot in his current job

This is a past action that comes up to the present.

It is not finished

He travelled a lot in his previous job

This is an action about the past.

It is finished

She has been an invalid all her life

She is still alive

She was an invalid all her life

She is dead

Present perfect Past simple

* We describe past events * We describe past events

that have a connection with that finished

the present time

* Time expressions that * Time expressions that

can be used: for, since, just, we use: for, in 2008,

yet, before, already, ever, last night, yesterday,

never, so far, over the last ago, in April, on Monday

few years… in April, at 5.30, when I was

a child…

PAST PERFECTSIMPLE

FORM

POSITIVE

I have (‘ve)

You have (‘ve)

He has (‘s)

She has (‘s) + past participle

It has (‘s)

We have (‘ve)

You have (‘ve)

They have (‘ve)

• He had travelled a lot• He’d travelled a lot

POSITIVE

I had (‘d) You had (‘d)

He had (‘d) She had (‘d) + past participle

It had (‘d) We had (‘d)

You had (‘d) They had (‘d)

Had you written these books ?

QUESTION

Had I Had you Had he Had she + past participle ? Had it Had we Had you Had they

NEGATIVE

I had not (hadn´t)

You had not (hadn´t)

He had not (hadn´t)

She had not (hadn’t) + past participle

It had not (hadn´t)

We had not (hadn´t)

You had not (hadn´t)

They had not (hadn´t)

They hadn’t been to school

USES A completed action before another activity in the past

When we arrived, the concert had already finished

It had got/gotten worse before it got better

.

By the time I watched my favorite program, I had drunk a cup of bee

By the time I got to the market, most of the stalls had already been closed

PAST PERFECTCONTINUOUS

USES

We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past:

Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.

James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia.

A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?

B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.

Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect.

Examples:

Jason was tired because he had been jogging.

Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.

Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending class.

FUTURE PERFECT

SIMPLE

FORM

POSITIVE

I will have

You will have

He will have.

She will have + past participle

It will have

We will have

You will have

They will have

NEGATIVE

I will not have

You will not have

He will not have

She will not have + past participle

It will not have

We will not have

You will not have

They will not have

QUESTIONS

Will I have

Will you have

Will he have

Will she have + past participle?

Will it have

Will we have

Will you have

Will they have

USES Actions that will be finished before some point in the future

They will have graduated from Cambridge by July 2009.

I will have retired by the end of the year.

I read 40 pages a day. If I keep up the pace, I will have read the book by Tuesday.