Post on 19-Apr-2018
University of Debrecen, Hungary
Faculty of Economic Sciences and Rural Development,
Department of Sporteconomics and Management
Perényi Szilvia (PhD.) Assistant Professor
Postmodern Characteristics in the
Trends of Sporting Practices in Hungary
Economic and political changes in 1989/1990
Capitalistic changes without actual capitalists (Szelényi, 1987)
Causing societal changes
Economic crisis
Changes in the societal sub-system of sport
SOCIETAL CONTEXT
Hungary’s entry to the EU, 2005
Hungarian presidency of the EU, 2011
YOUTH LIFE PERIOD
Youth life changes (Gábor, 2002, Laki, 2002)
Extended years in education
Delay of independent life
Delay in job market entry
Delay in establishing a family
Postmodern value dominance (Inglehart, 1991; Bauer, 2000;
Perényi, 2010)
Post-figurative life elements (Mead, 1978)
More free-time and less responsibilities?
Does it support
enhanced level of sport participation?
YOUTH in HUNGARY
Youth life changes with 15 years of delay (Gábor, 2002, Laki, 2002)
Economic, political and societal changes
20 years of transition with societal crises (Hankiss, 2008; Bauer, 2000)
Discrepancies' in the autonomy of youth,
in integrative social functions,
fight for educational capital,
collection of degrees and certificates.
Limited opportunities and
increase of unemployment.
CHANGES IN SPORT
The myth of a „Sporting Nation of Hungary”
The heritage from state-socialism --
focus on Elite sport.
Italy, Portugal, Greece and Hungary –
the least physically active nations (Euro-barometer, 2009).
Delayed democratisation, newly
established paternalism and centralism. (Földesi and Egressy, 2005; Perényi, 2010)
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
To follow the trends in sport participation of
Hungarian youth during the first decade of the
new Millennium.
Define the relation of sport participation to socio-
demographic variables and outline trends of
changes.
Follow the possible postmodern trends in
sporting practices of youth.
THEORITICAL BACKGROUND
Bourdieu (1984) Social determinations, cultural and economic capitals
praxis and habitus.
Beck (1983) Individualization and diversification.
Schulze (1992) ‘Thrill Society’.
QUESTIONS
What are the main indicators of sport
participation during the examined period?
What are the strongest varibles influencing
sport participation?
Is their a change in preferred sports over
the examined period?
How is club membership destributed?
YOUTH 2000 2004 2008
Comprehensive research series of youth’s social position.
education and career path
political views, relation to democracy, religion
physical well-being, self-satisfaction
lifestyle, leisure time, sport participation
deviance, endangers of well-being,
youth culture, partner relations
prospective future, values and norms,
Funded by: Ministry of Youth and Sports and Prime Minister’s Office Conducted by: ‘Mobilitás’ youth Research Institute, Central Statistical Agency,
Institute of Sociology and Political Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Educational Research Institute
METHODOLOGY
METHODS
Sample:
15-29 years olds
Stratified random sampling
National representative sample (gender, age, size of residence, municipality of residence)
Youth2000 - N=8000
Youth2004 - N=2x4000
Youth2008 - N=1x4000, 2x2000
Data collection:
Questioner based structured interview
PROCESS OF DATA
SPSS 15.0 version
Statistical Analysis:
Sport participation - years of 2000, 2004, 2008.
- frequencies, chi-square
- llogistic regression analysis
Type of sports - years of 2000 and 2004.
- frequencies
Previous studies in the EU: Scheerder and Breedveld (2004); Scheerder, Vanreusel, and Taks (2005); Moens and Scheerder (2004); Vanreusel et al, (1993)
VARIABLES Dependent variable:
Sport participant / non sport participant
Subjective answer to the question of
„Do you do sports or physical activities regularly
outside of physical education classes?”
Independent
Gender (men, women)
Age group (15-19, 20-24, 25-29 years)
Education (low, middle, high)
Labor market activity (study, work, un-employed, in-active)
Social-economic position (low, low-middle, middle, middle-
hihg, high)
Settlement types (capital, county-town, town, village)
2000. 2004. 2008.
Sport participants 33 41 38
Nonsport participants 67 59 61
Sport part. female 27 34 31
Sport part. male 39 48 44
Chi-square 112,2* 167.49* 152.53*
% * p<.001
SPORT PARTICIPATION (%)
Gender, Age, Education Logistic Regression
categories 2000. 2004. 2008.
gender men ref. category
women 0.543* 0.516* 0.508*
age 15-19 ref. category
20-24 0.762* 1.091* 0.703*
25-29 0.560* 1.608* 0.601*
education
low
middle
hihg
ref.
1.666*
2.648*
category
1.574*
2.685*
1.406*
2.269*
Exp(Beta), * p<.001
Education, market activity (Logistic Regression)
chategories 2000. 2004. 2008.
education
low
middle
high
ref.
1.666*
2.648*
category
1.574*
2.685*
1.406*
2.269*
market
activity
student
employed
unemployed
inactive
ref.
0.591*
-
0.374
catogory
0.586*
0.544*
0.359*
0.577*
0.466*
0.391*
Exp(Beta), * p<.001
Economic position & Residence (Logistic Regression)
categories 2000. 2004. 2008.
economic
position
low
low-mid
mid
mid-high
high
ref.
1.132
1.286
1.604*
2.209*
category
1.517
1.813
2.214*
3.077*
0.854
1.386
1.942
3.098*
size of
residency
village
town
county town
capital
ref.
1.109
1.273*
1.437*
category
1.023
1,033
1.429*
1.064*
1.434*
0.726*
Exp(Beta), * p<.001
SPORTS
2000. (N=2497) 2004. (N=3165)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Football
Aerobics
Cycling
Bodybuilding
Jogging
Home exercise
Swimming
Basketball
Handball
Track&Field
Dance
Karate
Horseriding
Tennis
Volleyball
20.5
14.4
8.9
8.0
6.6
4.9
4.8
4.4
3.0
2.9
2.5
2.0
1.4
1.4
1.0
23.0
7.8
12.4
8.6
9.7
4.2
4.5
5.8
3.1
1.1
2.8
1.8
1.1
2.1
1.4 %
Males:
SPORTS - GENDER
Females
2000 2004
1 Football Football
2 Bodybuilding Cycling
3 Cycling Bodybuilding
4 Running Running, jogging
5 Basketball basketball
2000 2004
1 Aerobics Aerobics
2 Home exercise Cycling/Home exercise
3 Cycling Running
4 Running Bodybuilding
5 Swimming Swimming
NEW SPORTS
roller blading
mountain biking
snowboarding
walking
home bicycle
exercise for the pregnant
Brazilian dance
zumba
baseball
American football
SPORT CLUB MEMBERSHIP
2000. 2004. 2008.
Sport club member 5,5 - 1,6
Sport club member, men 4,5 - 1,1
Sport club member female 1,0 - 0,5
%
SUMMARY 1.
Sport remained gendered and mainly serviced
those who are students
Over the decade:
The role of cultural capital in the year of 2000.
The role of economic capital in the year of 2008.
Country-side cities has increased participation
New sports emerged
Trends of individualisation in the choice of sports
SUMMARY 2.
YOUTH
New generations
New life style
New tastes
Postmodernism
SPORT
Traditional thinking
Traditional acting
Elite athletism
Paternalism
It is suggested that the present structure and
offers of sport does not meet
the needs of new youth generations!