Post on 12-Oct-2020
Poplars Outside Forests
“a potential resource for socio‐economic development and
ecological restoration”
Gulshan KumarIndian Forest Service officer
Haryana StateINDIA
Global demand for wood
Global population increasing & so is global demand for wood
Global demandfor wood
5.6 billion cu.mt. 5.6 billion cu.mt.
2020
The global demand for wood can never be met sustainably from natural forests.
Investments for commecial plantations outside forests are earnestly required.
The global demand for wood can never be met sustainably from natural forests.
Investments for commecial plantations outside forests are earnestly required.
FAO Report 2003
Demand supply situation of wood in India (In million cu.m)
Year Demand Supply Gap Percentage of demand unfulfilled.Hard
WoodSoftwood
Total HardWood
Softwood
Total Hardwood
Softwood
Total
2000 31 27 58 14 15 29 (‐)17 (‐)12 (‐)29 (‐)50%
2010 48 47 95 14 36 50 (‐)34 (‐)9 (‐)45 (‐)49%
2020 69 84 153 24 38 62 (‐)45 (‐)46 (‐)91 (‐)59%
Source; a study report, instituted byMinistry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India
Source; a study report, instituted byMinistry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India
Forest scenario in IndiaPer capita forest area;
India 0.08 % World 0.64 %Developing countries 0.50 %
Extent of Forest area;
64 million hectares, 1.8 % of total forest area in the world, 26 million hectares – degraded.
Per capita forest area;
India 0.08 % World 0.64 %Developing countries 0.50 %
Extent of Forest area;
64 million hectares, 1.8 % of total forest area in the world, 26 million hectares – degraded.
Unable to meet domestic and industrial wood demand.If as much wood as the demand is to be removed from natural forests in India,
we will end up exhausting our natural forests much before 2020.
Unable to meet domestic and industrial wood demand.If as much wood as the demand is to be removed from natural forests in India,
we will end up exhausting our natural forests much before 2020.
Comparisons of forest productivity; India & the world
47
113 114
2.85
54.971.76
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
India Developing countries World
Growing stock of wood in natural forests (cu.m/ha.)
Available volume of growing stock per capita (cu.m)
Source; FAO (1995)
97% Forest Area owned / Managed by Govt.
90% wood based products manufactured in Private sector.
Forestry Situation peculiar in India
Forests not easily accessible to industries for raw material NFP‐ 1988
Prior to National Forest policy‐1988
National Commission for Agriculture‐1976 recommended that;
Production of Industrial wood to come from Government forests
Wood based industries received raw material supplies from govt. at subsidised rates under long term agreements.
Consumer industries showed little interest in production of raw material from non‐forest sources.
Prior to National Forest policy‐1988
National Commission for Agriculture‐1976 recommended that;
Production of Industrial wood to come from Government forests
Wood based industries received raw material supplies from govt. at subsidised rates under long term agreements.
Consumer industries showed little interest in production of raw material from non‐forest sources.
National Forest policy
National Forest policy‐1988
1. The principal aim of national forest policy is to ensure environmental stablity and maintenance of ecological balance…………,the derivation of direct benefits must be subordinated to this principal aim.
1. The principal aim of national forest policy is to ensure environmental stablity and maintenance of ecological balance…………,the derivation of direct benefits must be subordinated to this principal aim.
2. National forests serve as a gene pool resource and help to maintain the ecological balance. Such forests will not, therefore be made available to industries for undertaking industrial plantations and for any other activity.
2. National forests serve as a gene pool resource and help to maintain the ecological balance. Such forests will not, therefore be made available to industries for undertaking industrial plantations and for any other activity.
“Forest & tree cover in the country is to be increased substantially through massive afforestation and social forestry programs on all denuded lands together with farm and agro forestry on private lands”.
“Forest & tree cover in the country is to be increased substantially through massive afforestation and social forestry programs on all denuded lands together with farm and agro forestry on private lands”.
“ Agro forestry and social forestry are prime requisites for maintenance of ecological balance and augmentation of biomass production in agricultural systems”.
“The farmers will be encouraged to take up farm and agro forestry for higher income generation.
“ Agro forestry and social forestry are prime requisites for maintenance of ecological balance and augmentation of biomass production in agricultural systems”.
“The farmers will be encouraged to take up farm and agro forestry for higher income generation.
Convergence of Forest & Agricultural policies ‐ A vital linkage ; for optimal & rational land useConvergence of Forest & Agricultural policies
‐ A vital linkage ; for optimal & rational land use
National Forest policy‐1988National Forest policy‐1988
National Agricultural policy‐2000National Agricultural policy‐2000
National Forest Policy 1988; Provisions relating to wood based Industries
Wood based Industry to arrange raw material;to meet its own requirement.
Wood based Industry, not only to generate employment for local people;but also involve them in raising trees for their raw material.
New wood based enterprises ;only on assured availability of raw material.
No raw material at concessional rates;for wood based industries.
Natural forests not to be made available toindustries;
for raising raw material, for they being gene pool resource.
Emphasis on Farmer‐Industry partnership; to promote agro‐forestry and raise raw material.
Wood based Industry to arrange raw material;to meet its own requirement.
Wood based Industry, not only to generate employment for local people;but also involve them in raising trees for their raw material.
New wood based enterprises ;only on assured availability of raw material.
No raw material at concessional rates;for wood based industries.
Natural forests not to be made available toindustries;
for raising raw material, for they being gene pool resource.
Emphasis on Farmer‐Industry partnership; to promote agro‐forestry and raise raw material.
NFP‐1988 & NAP‐2000 initiatives;acted as catalyst; for linkage between wood industry‐farmers.
instrumental in starting tree growing schemes by companies.
increased employment potential in farm sector
companies invested in research & development of new clones.
gave boost to agro forestry.
establishment of veneer and ply industry
emergence of poplars & other fast growing sps.
acted as catalyst; for linkage between wood industry‐farmers.
instrumental in starting tree growing schemes by companies.
increased employment potential in farm sector
companies invested in research & development of new clones.
gave boost to agro forestry.
establishment of veneer and ply industry
emergence of poplars & other fast growing sps.
Emergence of poplars in Indian agro forestry
Six indigenous sps. are; P. ciliata, P.laurifolia, P. gamblei,P. euphratica and P. jaquemontiana. Var. glaucaExotic poplars ‐ Populus deltoides intrduced in 1967
Six indigenous sps. are; P. ciliata, P.laurifolia, P. gamblei,P. euphratica and P. jaquemontiana. Var. glaucaExotic poplars ‐ Populus deltoides intrduced in 1967
Wimco ‐ Initiatives since 80’sDistribution of seedlings free of costBankable projects & buy back schemeResearch & development of new clones
Wimco ‐ Initiatives since 80’sDistribution of seedlings free of costBankable projects & buy back schemeResearch & development of new clones
Research Institutes & Forest Department’s InitiativesDevelopment of new clonesEncouraging farmers to adopt agro forestryDevelopment of poplar agro forestry models
Research Institutes & Forest Department’s InitiativesDevelopment of new clonesEncouraging farmers to adopt agro forestryDevelopment of poplar agro forestry models
Contributions of progressive farmers
Projected demand pattern of wood for various end uses (million cu.mt)
Source; a study report, instituted byMinistry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India
Source; a study report, instituted byMinistry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India
Projected demand of major poplar consuming goods(million cu.mt.)
Progressive farmers50‐60 cu. mt. per hectare per year, through;Better inputs‐nitrogen, potash and phosphorusTermite controlManagement of insect pests and diseasesIntercultivation operations
Progressive farmers50‐60 cu. mt. per hectare per year, through;Better inputs‐nitrogen, potash and phosphorusTermite controlManagement of insect pests and diseasesIntercultivation operations
Poplar based agro forestry in India is very dynamic and vibrant;Over 1‐million hectare agricultural land under Poplar cultivationPoplar based agro forestry in India is very dynamic and vibrant;Over 1‐million hectare agricultural land under Poplar cultivation
Poplar based Agro‐forestry models;Poplar‐Wheat, Poplar‐Sunflower, poplar‐Turmeric, Poplar‐MaizePoplar‐Sugarcane, Poplar‐Mango‐Wheat (3‐tier model)
Interspaces ‐ 5x5 mts., 6x4 mts., 7x3 mts., 8x3 mts.
Poplar based Agro‐forestry models;Poplar‐Wheat, Poplar‐Sunflower, poplar‐Turmeric, Poplar‐MaizePoplar‐Sugarcane, Poplar‐Mango‐Wheat (3‐tier model)
Interspaces ‐ 5x5 mts., 6x4 mts., 7x3 mts., 8x3 mts.
Average productivity25‐30 cu.mt. per hectare per year
Young wheat crop under Poplars in Agro‐forestryYoung wheat crop under Poplars in Agro‐forestry
Mature wheat crop under poplars in Agro‐forestryMature wheat crop under poplars in Agro‐forestry
Young crop of Sugarcane under poplars in Agro‐forestryYoung crop of Sugarcane under poplars in Agro‐forestry
Wind break curtain of Poplars alongboundaries of Sugarcane fields
Wind break curtain of Poplars alongboundaries of Sugarcane fields
Poplars with Turmeric crop under Agro‐forestryPoplars with Turmeric crop under Agro‐forestry
Mustard in flowers under poplars in Agro forestry Mustard in flowers under poplars in Agro forestry
Wind breaking curtain of poplar trees along boundary of rice fieldWind breaking curtain of poplar trees along boundary of rice field
Agro‐Horti‐Silviculture systemWheat in a germination stage under Poplar & Mango trees
Agro‐Horti‐Silviculture systemWheat in a germination stage under Poplar & Mango trees
Api‐culture with Poplar and Wheat agroforestryApi‐culture with Poplar and Wheat agroforestry
Costs and returns from farmed poplars“profitability over alternatives”
Average yearly net returns per acre from major cash crops;
Sugarcane Rs 22,500 (US$450) Wheat Rs.10,000 Rice Rs. 12,000 Total Rs. 22,000 (US $ 440)
Average yearly net returns per acre from major cash crops;
Sugarcane Rs 22,500 (US$450) Wheat Rs.10,000 Rice Rs. 12,000Total Rs. 22,000 (US $ 440)
Average yearly net returns per acre from Poplar:
Number of trees per acre ‐ 200Rotation ‐ 6 YearsAverage net return in 6 yrs. from poplars ‐ Rs. 2,70,000Average return per year ‐ Rs. 45,000 +Average return per year of agriculture crops under poplars ( rice & wheat/sugarcane) ‐ Rs. 8,000
Net benefit under poplar agro forestry ‐ Rs. 53,000 (US $1060)
Average yearly net returns per acre from Poplar:
Number of trees per acre ‐ 200Rotation ‐ 6 YearsAverage net return in 6 yrs. from poplars ‐ Rs. 2,70,000Average return per year ‐ Rs. 45,000 +Average return per year of agriculture crops under poplars ( rice & wheat/sugarcane) ‐ Rs. 8,000
Net benefit under poplar agro forestry ‐ Rs. 53,000 (US $1060)
POPLAR AGRO FORESTRY POTENTIAL
Poplar Agro forestry – a land management system for integrated rural & industrial development with huge employment potential.
In wood market; Contractors, commission agents, traders etc.
Saw mills & Industry; Industrial labour in veneer, ply, paper, sports goods, & furniture industry.
Other persons & organizations associated with value addition.Total wood based value chain including industries & other
establishments sustainable livelihood for 22 million people
In wood market; Contractors, commission agents, traders etc.
Saw mills & Industry; Industrial labour in veneer, ply, paper, sports goods, & furniture industry.
Other persons & organizations associated with value addition.Total wood based value chain including industries & other
establishments sustainable livelihood for 22 million people
On farm lands; Seedling development, tree planting, cultural operations, harvesting, transportation.
One hectare poplar plantation 450 person days employmentTotal agricultural land in 4 major poplar growing states 17.7 million hectareAssuming 10‐12 % farm lands under poplar agro forestry means 1080 million person
days of employment or livelihood for 10 million people over the rotation period of 6 years.
On farm lands; Seedling development, tree planting, cultural operations, harvesting, transportation.
One hectare poplar plantation 450 person days employmentTotal agricultural land in 4 major poplar growing states 17.7 million hectareAssuming 10‐12 % farm lands under poplar agro forestry means 1080 million person
days of employment or livelihood for 10 million people over the rotation period of 6 years.
POPLAR AGRO FORESTRY POTENTIAL
Indian furniture market; estimated at ; 8.0 billion US $, employment potential; 0.3 million people
Indian furniture market; estimated at ; 8.0 billion US $, employment potential; 0.3 million people
Housing & construction;estimated space to be built – 500 million sq.ft by 2012wood/ply requirement for doors, windows, flooring, cabinets etc. ; 3.0 billion US $
Housing & construction;estimated space to be built – 500 million sq.ft by 2012wood/ply requirement for doors, windows, flooring, cabinets etc. ; 3.0 billion US $
Likely wood deficit by 2020; 90 million cu. Mt. Obviously a case for increased Poplar based agro forestry
Likely wood deficit by 2020; 90 million cu. Mt. Obviously a case for increased Poplar based agro forestry
Labour harvesting mature wheat crop in agro forestry systemLabour harvesting mature wheat crop in agro forestry system
Harvesting Sugarcane grown with Poplars in Agro-forestryHarvesting Sugarcane grown with Poplars in Agro-forestry
Employment for poor – Village laborers Harvesting PoplarsEmployment for poor – Village laborers Harvesting Poplars
Peeling of poplar logs – a Labour Intensive job Peeling of poplar logs – a Labour Intensive job
Poplar lumber‐ off to market & wood Industries a transportation business for rural people
Poplar lumber‐ off to market & wood Industries a transportation business for rural people
Mannual jobs for rural poor in small scale poplar industryMannual jobs for rural poor in small scale poplar industry
Ample employment for poor in Peeling industryAmple employment for poor in Peeling industry
Cutting of peeled rolls of poplars in small industrial units of poplar wood – a labour intensive work
Cutting of peeled rolls of poplars in small industrial units of poplar wood – a labour intensive work
Huge Employment Potential in Poplar Wood Peeling UnitsHuge Employment Potential in Poplar Wood Peeling Units
MARKET LINKAGES & EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL IN POPLAR BASED AGRO- FORESTRY
Poplar wood marketGirthsize
Year wise rates (US$ per metric tonne) of poplar wood as per girth size of wood
(Cms) ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 2000 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08
25 22 24 25 18 17 16 15 11 11 13 25 32 40
25-45 35 44 53 45 40 35 24 16 18 24 54 70 90
45-60 50 65 71 64 58 42 35 22 24 31 75 90 110
> 60 75 82 85 85 65 55 38 29 33 40 100 115 140
PRICE DIP OF 2003
Consolidation of agricultural lands in poplar growing areasAbsence of direct farmer‐Industry linkage.Absence of state control over un‐regulated market system.
PRICE DIP OF 2003
Consolidation of agricultural lands in poplar growing areasAbsence of direct farmer‐Industry linkage.Absence of state control over un‐regulated market system.
Price trend graph
Opportunities to all stakeholders in meeting the socio‐economic needs, environmental development and preservation of gene pool &bio‐diversity.
Supply of Poplar wood grown under agro‐forestry system has taken off pressure from natural forests.
To a considerable extent Industries are able to meet their raw material requirements from locally available farm based wood products.
Agro‐forestry has provided an opportunity to meet the challenges of social issues viz; un‐employment, poverty, hunger, health and environmental sustainability.
National Forest policy objectives
Opportunities to all stakeholders in meeting the socio‐economic needs, environmental development and preservation of gene pool &bio‐diversity.
Supply of Poplar wood grown under agro‐forestry system has taken off pressure from natural forests.
To a considerable extent Industries are able to meet their raw material requirements from locally available farm based wood products.
Agro‐forestry has provided an opportunity to meet the challenges of social issues viz; un‐employment, poverty, hunger, health and environmental sustainability.
National Forest policy objectives
In India Poplar based agro‐forestry success has ensured ;In India Poplar based agro‐forestry success has ensured ;
multiplier effect on economy through overall socio‐economic development.
ecological restoration through increase in tree cover.
carbon sequestration, carbon credits climate change mitigation.
multiplier effect on economy through overall socio‐economic development.
ecological restoration through increase in tree cover.
carbon sequestration, carbon credits climate change mitigation.
In India Poplar based agro‐forestry success has ensured ;
Sustainable‐Agro forestry‐Industrial Models; through correct policy decisions & strong administrative measures Development of Industry‐Farmer relationships;from raw deal to mutual gains; can’t prosper at the cost of other partner.
Formation of farmers cooperatives;to strengthen bargaining power of small farmers in sale of wood and help industries in
getting bulk supplies.
Strong market information system; for updated information on market prices for farmers.
Strong credit facilities for farmers and industries;to boost agro forestry and industrial establishment.
Continuing efforts for development of new and improved clones; for higher productivity and disease resistance.
Educating farmers about new and better agro forestry models; for raising technology based plantations and helping them in getting carbon credits
Sustainable‐Agro forestry‐Industrial Models; through correct policy decisions & strong administrative measuresDevelopment of Industry‐Farmer relationships;from raw deal to mutual gains; can’t prosper at the cost of other partner.
Formation of farmers cooperatives;to strengthen bargaining power of small farmers in sale of wood and help industries in
getting bulk supplies.
Strong market information system; for updated information on market prices for farmers.
Strong credit facilities for farmers and industries;to boost agro forestry and industrial establishment.
Continuing efforts for development of new and improved clones; for higher productivity and disease resistance.
Educating farmers about new and better agro forestry models; for raising technology based plantations and helping them in getting carbon credits
Un‐bridged gaps ? ? ? ? ? ?
THANKSTHANKS