Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research &...

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Poplars Outside Forests “a potential resource for socioeconomic development and ecological restoration” Gulshan Kumar Indian Forest Service officer Haryana State INDIA

Transcript of Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research &...

Page 1: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Poplars Outside Forests

“a potential resource for socio‐economic development and 

ecological restoration”

Gulshan KumarIndian Forest Service officer

Haryana StateINDIA

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Global demand for wood

Global population increasing & so is global demand for wood

Global demandfor wood

5.6 billion cu.mt. 5.6 billion cu.mt. 

2020

The global demand for wood can never be met sustainably from natural forests.

Investments for commecial plantations outside forests are earnestly required.

The global demand for wood can never be met sustainably from natural forests.

Investments for commecial plantations outside forests are earnestly required.

FAO Report 2003

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Demand supply situation of wood in India                    (In million cu.m)

Year Demand Supply Gap Percentage  of demand  unfulfilled.Hard

WoodSoftwood

Total HardWood

Softwood

Total Hardwood

Softwood

Total

2000 31 27 58 14 15 29 (‐)17 (‐)12 (‐)29 (‐)50%

2010 48 47 95 14 36 50 (‐)34 (‐)9 (‐)45 (‐)49%

2020 69 84 153 24 38 62 (‐)45 (‐)46 (‐)91 (‐)59%

Source;  a study report, instituted byMinistry of Environment  & Forests, Govt. of India

Source;  a study report, instituted byMinistry of Environment  & Forests, Govt. of India

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Forest  scenario  in  IndiaPer capita forest area;

India                                  0.08 % World                                0.64 %Developing countries    0.50 %

Extent of Forest area;

64 million hectares, 1.8 % of total forest  area in the world, 26 million hectares – degraded.

Per capita forest area;

India                                  0.08 % World                                0.64 %Developing countries    0.50 %

Extent of Forest area;

64 million hectares, 1.8 % of total forest  area in the world, 26 million hectares – degraded.

Unable to meet domestic and industrial wood demand.If as much wood as the demand is to be removed from natural forests in India, 

we will end up exhausting our  natural forests much before 2020.

Unable to meet domestic and industrial wood demand.If as much wood as the demand is to be removed from natural forests in India, 

we will end up exhausting our  natural forests much before 2020.

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Comparisons of forest productivity; India & the world 

47

113 114

2.85

54.971.76

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

India Developing countries World

Growing stock of wood in natural forests (cu.m/ha.)

Available volume of growing stock per capita (cu.m)

Source; FAO (1995)

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97% Forest Area owned / Managed by Govt.

90% wood based products manufactured in Private sector.

Forestry Situation peculiar in India

Forests not easily accessible to industries for raw material   NFP‐ 1988

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Prior to National Forest policy‐1988

National Commission for Agriculture‐1976 recommended that;

Production of Industrial wood to come from   Government forests

Wood based industries received raw material supplies from govt. at subsidised rates under long term agreements.

Consumer industries showed little interest in production of raw material  from non‐forest sources.

Prior to National Forest policy‐1988

National Commission for Agriculture‐1976 recommended that;

Production of Industrial wood to come from   Government forests

Wood based industries received raw material supplies from govt. at subsidised rates under long term agreements.

Consumer industries showed little interest in production of raw material  from non‐forest sources.

National Forest policy

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National Forest policy‐1988

1. The principal aim of national forest policy is to ensure  environmental stablity and maintenance of ecological  balance…………,the derivation of direct benefits must be  subordinated to this principal aim.      

1. The principal aim of national forest policy is to ensure  environmental stablity and maintenance of ecological  balance…………,the derivation of direct benefits must be  subordinated to this principal aim.      

2.     National forests serve as a gene pool resource and help  to maintain the ecological balance. Such forests will not,  therefore be made available to industries for undertaking  industrial plantations and for any other activity.

2.     National forests serve as a gene pool resource and help  to maintain the ecological balance. Such forests will not,  therefore be made available to industries for undertaking  industrial plantations and for any other activity.

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“Forest & tree cover in the country is to be increased  substantially through massive afforestation and social forestry  programs on all denuded lands together with farm and agro  forestry  on private lands”. 

“Forest & tree cover in the country is to be increased  substantially through massive afforestation and social forestry  programs on all denuded lands together with farm and agro  forestry  on private lands”. 

“ Agro forestry and social forestry are prime requisites for  maintenance of ecological balance and augmentation of biomass  production in agricultural systems”.

“The farmers will be encouraged to take up farm and agro  forestry for higher income generation.

“ Agro forestry and social forestry are prime requisites for  maintenance of ecological balance and augmentation of biomass  production in agricultural systems”.

“The farmers will be encouraged to take up farm and agro  forestry for higher income generation.

Convergence of Forest & Agricultural policies ‐ A vital linkage ; for optimal & rational land useConvergence of Forest & Agricultural policies 

‐ A vital linkage ; for optimal & rational land use

National Forest policy‐1988National Forest policy‐1988

National Agricultural policy‐2000National Agricultural policy‐2000

Page 10: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

National Forest Policy 1988; Provisions relating to wood based Industries

Wood based Industry to arrange raw material;to meet its own requirement.

Wood based Industry, not only to generate employment for local people;but also involve them in raising trees for their raw material.

New wood based enterprises ;only on assured availability of raw material.

No raw material at concessional rates;for wood based industries.

Natural forests not to be made available toindustries;

for raising raw material, for they being gene pool resource.

Emphasis on Farmer‐Industry partnership; to promote agro‐forestry and raise raw material.

Wood based Industry to arrange raw material;to meet its own requirement.

Wood based Industry, not only to generate employment for local people;but also involve them in raising trees for their raw material.

New wood based enterprises ;only on assured availability of raw material.

No raw material at concessional rates;for wood based industries.

Natural forests not to be made available toindustries;

for raising raw material, for they being gene pool resource.

Emphasis on Farmer‐Industry partnership; to promote agro‐forestry and raise raw material.

Page 11: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

NFP‐1988 & NAP‐2000 initiatives;acted as catalyst;  for linkage between wood industry‐farmers.

instrumental in starting tree growing schemes by companies.

increased employment potential in farm sector

companies invested in research & development of new clones.

gave boost to agro forestry.

establishment of veneer and ply industry

emergence of poplars & other fast growing sps.

acted as catalyst;  for linkage between wood industry‐farmers.

instrumental in starting tree growing schemes by companies.

increased employment potential in farm sector

companies invested in research & development of new clones.

gave boost to agro forestry.

establishment of veneer and ply industry

emergence of poplars & other fast growing sps.

Page 12: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Emergence of poplars in Indian agro forestry 

Six indigenous sps. are;  P. ciliata, P.laurifolia, P. gamblei,P. euphratica and P. jaquemontiana. Var. glaucaExotic poplars  ‐ Populus deltoides intrduced in 1967

Six indigenous sps. are;  P. ciliata, P.laurifolia, P. gamblei,P. euphratica and P. jaquemontiana. Var. glaucaExotic poplars  ‐ Populus deltoides intrduced in 1967

Wimco ‐ Initiatives since 80’sDistribution of seedlings free of costBankable projects & buy back schemeResearch & development of new clones       

Wimco ‐ Initiatives since 80’sDistribution of seedlings free of costBankable projects & buy back schemeResearch & development of new clones       

Research Institutes & Forest Department’s InitiativesDevelopment of new clonesEncouraging farmers to adopt agro forestryDevelopment of poplar agro forestry models

Research Institutes & Forest Department’s InitiativesDevelopment of new clonesEncouraging farmers to adopt agro forestryDevelopment of poplar agro forestry models

Contributions of progressive farmers

Page 13: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Projected demand pattern of wood for various end uses (million cu.mt)

Source;     a study report, instituted byMinistry of Environment  & Forests, Govt. of India

Source;     a study report, instituted byMinistry of Environment  & Forests, Govt. of India

Page 14: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Projected demand of major poplar consuming goods(million cu.mt.)

Page 15: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Progressive farmers50‐60 cu. mt. per hectare per year,  through;Better inputs‐nitrogen, potash and phosphorusTermite controlManagement of insect pests and diseasesIntercultivation operations

Progressive farmers50‐60 cu. mt. per hectare per year,  through;Better inputs‐nitrogen, potash and phosphorusTermite controlManagement of insect pests and diseasesIntercultivation operations

Poplar based agro forestry in India is very dynamic and vibrant;Over 1‐million hectare agricultural land under Poplar cultivationPoplar based agro forestry in India is very dynamic and vibrant;Over 1‐million hectare agricultural land under Poplar cultivation

Poplar based Agro‐forestry models;Poplar‐Wheat, Poplar‐Sunflower, poplar‐Turmeric, Poplar‐MaizePoplar‐Sugarcane, Poplar‐Mango‐Wheat (3‐tier model)

Interspaces    ‐ 5x5 mts., 6x4 mts., 7x3 mts., 8x3 mts.

Poplar based Agro‐forestry models;Poplar‐Wheat, Poplar‐Sunflower, poplar‐Turmeric, Poplar‐MaizePoplar‐Sugarcane, Poplar‐Mango‐Wheat (3‐tier model)

Interspaces    ‐ 5x5 mts., 6x4 mts., 7x3 mts., 8x3 mts.

Average productivity25‐30 cu.mt. per hectare per year

Page 16: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Young wheat crop under Poplars in Agro‐forestryYoung wheat crop under Poplars in Agro‐forestry

Page 17: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Mature wheat crop under poplars in Agro‐forestryMature wheat crop under poplars in Agro‐forestry

Page 18: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Young crop of Sugarcane under poplars in Agro‐forestryYoung crop of Sugarcane under poplars in Agro‐forestry

Page 19: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Wind break curtain of Poplars alongboundaries of Sugarcane fields

Wind break curtain of Poplars alongboundaries of Sugarcane fields

Page 20: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Poplars with Turmeric crop under Agro‐forestryPoplars with Turmeric crop under Agro‐forestry

Page 21: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Mustard in flowers under poplars in Agro forestry Mustard in flowers under poplars in Agro forestry 

Page 22: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Wind breaking curtain of poplar trees along boundary of rice fieldWind breaking curtain of poplar trees along boundary of rice field

Page 23: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Agro‐Horti‐Silviculture systemWheat  in a germination stage under Poplar & Mango trees

Agro‐Horti‐Silviculture systemWheat  in a germination stage under Poplar & Mango trees

Page 24: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Api‐culture with Poplar and Wheat agroforestryApi‐culture with Poplar and Wheat agroforestry

Page 25: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Costs and returns from farmed poplars“profitability  over alternatives”

Average yearly net returns per acre from major cash crops;

Sugarcane Rs  22,500   (US$450)                    Wheat         Rs.10,000                          Rice              Rs.  12,000 Total          Rs. 22,000  (US $ 440)

Average yearly net returns per acre from major cash crops;

Sugarcane Rs  22,500   (US$450)                    Wheat         Rs.10,000                          Rice              Rs.  12,000Total          Rs. 22,000  (US $ 440)

Average yearly net returns per acre from Poplar:

Number of trees per acre                                        ‐ 200Rotation                                                       ‐ 6 YearsAverage net return in 6 yrs. from poplars           ‐ Rs. 2,70,000Average return per year                                        ‐ Rs. 45,000 +Average return per year of agriculture                        crops under poplars ( rice & wheat/sugarcane)     ‐ Rs. 8,000

Net benefit under poplar agro forestry  ‐ Rs. 53,000 (US $1060)

Average yearly net returns per acre from Poplar:

Number of trees per acre                                        ‐ 200Rotation                                                       ‐ 6 YearsAverage net return in 6 yrs. from poplars           ‐ Rs. 2,70,000Average return per year                                        ‐ Rs. 45,000 +Average return per year of agriculture                        crops under poplars ( rice & wheat/sugarcane)     ‐ Rs. 8,000

Net benefit under poplar agro forestry  ‐ Rs. 53,000 (US $1060)

Page 26: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

POPLAR AGRO FORESTRY POTENTIAL

Poplar Agro forestry – a land management system for  integrated rural & industrial development with huge  employment potential.

In wood market; Contractors, commission agents, traders etc.

Saw mills & Industry;   Industrial labour in veneer, ply, paper, sports goods, & furniture industry.    

Other persons & organizations associated with value addition.Total wood based value chain including industries & other 

establishments sustainable livelihood for 22 million people

In wood market; Contractors, commission agents, traders etc.

Saw mills & Industry;   Industrial labour in veneer, ply, paper, sports goods, & furniture industry.    

Other persons & organizations associated with value addition.Total wood based value chain including industries & other 

establishments sustainable livelihood for 22 million people

On farm lands; Seedling development,  tree planting, cultural operations, harvesting,  transportation.  

One hectare poplar plantation  450 person days employmentTotal agricultural land in 4 major poplar growing states 17.7 million hectareAssuming 10‐12 % farm lands under poplar agro forestry means 1080 million person 

days of employment or livelihood for 10 million people over the rotation period of 6 years.

On farm lands; Seedling development,  tree planting, cultural operations, harvesting,  transportation.  

One hectare poplar plantation  450 person days employmentTotal agricultural land in 4 major poplar growing states 17.7 million hectareAssuming 10‐12 % farm lands under poplar agro forestry means 1080 million person 

days of employment or livelihood for 10 million people over the rotation period of 6 years.

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POPLAR AGRO FORESTRY POTENTIAL

Indian furniture market;  estimated at ;                      8.0 billion US $,     employment potential;       0.3 million people

Indian furniture market;  estimated at ;                      8.0 billion US $,     employment potential;       0.3 million people

Housing & construction;estimated space to be built – 500 million sq.ft by 2012wood/ply requirement for doors, windows, flooring, cabinets etc. ;  3.0 billion US $

Housing & construction;estimated space to be built – 500 million sq.ft by 2012wood/ply requirement for doors, windows, flooring, cabinets etc. ;  3.0 billion US $

Likely wood deficit by 2020;         90 million cu. Mt. Obviously a case for increased Poplar based  agro forestry

Likely wood deficit by 2020;         90 million cu. Mt. Obviously a case for increased Poplar based agro forestry

Page 28: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Labour harvesting mature wheat crop in agro forestry systemLabour harvesting mature wheat crop in agro forestry system

Page 29: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Harvesting Sugarcane grown with Poplars in Agro-forestryHarvesting Sugarcane grown with Poplars in Agro-forestry

Page 30: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Employment for poor – Village laborers Harvesting PoplarsEmployment for poor – Village laborers Harvesting Poplars

Page 31: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Peeling of poplar logs – a Labour Intensive job  Peeling of poplar logs – a Labour Intensive job  

Page 32: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Poplar lumber‐ off to market & wood Industries a transportation business for rural people 

Poplar lumber‐ off to market & wood Industries a transportation business for rural people 

Page 33: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Mannual jobs for rural poor in small scale poplar industryMannual jobs for rural poor in small scale poplar industry

Page 34: Poplars Outside Forests · FAO Report 2003. Demand supply ... ¾companies invested in research & development of new clones. ¾gave boost to agro forestry. ¾establishment of veneer

Ample  employment for poor in Peeling industryAmple  employment for poor in Peeling industry

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Cutting of peeled rolls of poplars in small industrial units of poplar wood     – a labour intensive work

Cutting of peeled rolls of poplars in small industrial units of poplar wood     – a labour intensive work

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Huge Employment Potential in Poplar Wood Peeling UnitsHuge Employment Potential in Poplar Wood Peeling Units

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MARKET LINKAGES & EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL IN POPLAR BASED AGRO- FORESTRY

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Poplar wood marketGirthsize

Year wise rates (US$ per metric tonne) of poplar wood as per girth size of wood

(Cms) ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 2000 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08

25 22 24 25 18 17 16 15 11 11 13 25 32 40

25-45 35 44 53 45 40 35 24 16 18 24 54 70 90

45-60 50 65 71 64 58 42 35 22 24 31 75 90 110

> 60 75 82 85 85 65 55 38 29 33 40 100 115 140

PRICE DIP OF 2003

Consolidation of agricultural lands in poplar growing areasAbsence of direct farmer‐Industry linkage.Absence of state control over un‐regulated market system.

PRICE DIP OF 2003

Consolidation of agricultural lands in poplar growing areasAbsence of direct farmer‐Industry linkage.Absence of state control over un‐regulated market system.

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Price trend graph

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Opportunities to all stakeholders in meeting the socio‐economic needs, environmental development and preservation of gene pool &bio‐diversity.

Supply of Poplar wood grown under agro‐forestry system  has taken off pressure from natural forests. 

To a considerable extent Industries are able to meet their raw material requirements from locally available farm based wood products.  

Agro‐forestry has provided an opportunity to meet the challenges of social issues viz; un‐employment, poverty, hunger, health and environmental sustainability.

National Forest policy objectives

Opportunities to all stakeholders in meeting the socio‐economic needs, environmental development and preservation of gene pool &bio‐diversity.

Supply of Poplar wood grown under agro‐forestry system  has taken off pressure from natural forests. 

To a considerable extent Industries are able to meet their raw material requirements from locally available farm based wood products.  

Agro‐forestry has provided an opportunity to meet the challenges of social issues viz; un‐employment, poverty, hunger, health and environmental sustainability.

National Forest policy objectives

In India Poplar based agro‐forestry success has ensured ;In India Poplar based agro‐forestry success has ensured ;

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multiplier effect on economy  through overall socio‐economic development. 

ecological restoration through increase in tree cover.

carbon sequestration, carbon credits  climate change mitigation.

multiplier effect on economy  through overall socio‐economic development. 

ecological restoration through increase in tree cover.

carbon sequestration, carbon credits  climate change mitigation.

In India Poplar based agro‐forestry  success has ensured ;

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Sustainable‐Agro forestry‐Industrial Models;     through  correct policy decisions & strong administrative measures Development of Industry‐Farmer relationships;from raw deal to mutual gains; can’t prosper at the cost of other partner.

Formation of farmers cooperatives;to strengthen bargaining power of small farmers in sale of wood and help industries in 

getting bulk supplies.

Strong market information system; for updated information on market prices for farmers.

Strong credit facilities for farmers and industries;to boost agro forestry and industrial establishment.

Continuing efforts for development of new and improved      clones; for higher productivity and disease resistance.

Educating farmers about new and better  agro forestry models; for raising technology based plantations and helping them in getting carbon credits

Sustainable‐Agro forestry‐Industrial Models;     through  correct policy decisions & strong administrative measuresDevelopment of Industry‐Farmer relationships;from raw deal to mutual gains; can’t prosper at the cost of other partner.

Formation of farmers cooperatives;to strengthen bargaining power of small farmers in sale of wood and help industries in 

getting bulk supplies.

Strong market information system; for updated information on market prices for farmers.

Strong credit facilities for farmers and industries;to boost agro forestry and industrial establishment.

Continuing efforts for development of new and improved      clones; for higher productivity and disease resistance.

Educating farmers about new and better  agro forestry models; for raising technology based plantations and helping them in getting carbon credits

Un‐bridged gaps ? ? ? ? ? ?

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THANKSTHANKS