Plant ExperimentPlant Experiment

For the first 15 min. of class you must For the first 15 min. of class you must observe your plants. observe your plants.

– Measure the growthMeasure the growth– Record any color changes, and # of sproutsRecord any color changes, and # of sprouts

When complete answer the following:When complete answer the following:– List the characteristics of members of the List the characteristics of members of the

animal kingdomanimal kingdom– Give an example of an animalGive an example of an animal

BrainstormBrainstorm

Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

PreclassPreclass

List the characteristics of members List the characteristics of members of the animal kingdomof the animal kingdom

Give an example of an animalGive an example of an animal

~ ~ Characteristics ~ ~ MulticellularMulticellular

Sexual and asexual reproductionSexual and asexual reproduction Eukaryotic with Eukaryotic with no cell wallsno cell walls Locomotion relates to ability to obtain foodLocomotion relates to ability to obtain food Digestion occurs internally

–respiration Heterotrophs (consumers) Heterotrophs (consumers) Have a nervous system to respond to their environment

BonesBones

VertebratesVertebrates– Have a backboneHave a backbone– Fish, frogs, snakes, Fish, frogs, snakes,

birds, dogs, cats, birds, dogs, cats, and humansand humans

InvertebratesInvertebrates– No backboneNo backbone– Sponges, Sponges,

jellyfish,worms, jellyfish,worms, snails, sea stars, snails, sea stars, and insectsand insects

Eight Types of InvertebratesEight Types of InvertebratesPhylumsPhylums

Echinodermata- sea stars, sea urchinsEchinodermata- sea stars, sea urchins Arthropoda- insects, arachnids, Arthropoda- insects, arachnids,

crustaceanscrustaceans Nematoda- round wormsNematoda- round worms Molluska- squid,snails, bivalvesMolluska- squid,snails, bivalves Annelida- segmented wormsAnnelida- segmented worms Platyhelminthes- flat wormsPlatyhelminthes- flat worms Cnidaria- jelly fishCnidaria- jelly fish Porifera- spongesPorifera- sponges

ConsumersConsumers

Rely on other organisms for energyRely on other organisms for energy– HerbivoreHerbivore– OmnivoreOmnivore– CarnivoreCarnivore– Decomposers***Decomposers***– ScavengerScavenger

Animal BehaviorAnimal Behavior

Learned behavior- learned from Learned behavior- learned from experienceexperience

Innate behavior-doesn’t depend on Innate behavior-doesn’t depend on learning or experiencelearning or experience– What are your innate behaviors?What are your innate behaviors?

Survival BehaviorSurvival Behavior

Predators and Prey– Animals that eat other animals are predatorsAnimals that eat other animals are predators– Prey is the animal being eatenPrey is the animal being eaten

Hiding outHiding out– Camouflage-blending in with the environmentCamouflage-blending in with the environment

Ex. Walking stickEx. Walking stick Warning colorationWarning coloration

– Bright = flightBright = flight Troubling SignalsTroubling Signals

– Bull horns, porcupine quills, spraying of the Bull horns, porcupine quills, spraying of the skunk and beetle, stinging creaturesskunk and beetle, stinging creatures

Seasonal BehaviorSeasonal Behavior

World travelersWorld travelers– When food is scarce, or during droughts When food is scarce, or during droughts

animals migrate or travel from one place to animals migrate or travel from one place to anotheranother

– Ex. Salmon, chimps, birdsEx. Salmon, chimps, birds Slowing downSlowing down

– Some animals hibernate or have a period of Some animals hibernate or have a period of inactivity and decreased body temperature inactivity and decreased body temperature during the winter timeduring the winter time

– Some animals estivate or reduce activity Some animals estivate or reduce activity during the summer when resources are scarceduring the summer when resources are scarce

Biological Biological

Biological clock is an internal control Biological clock is an internal control of natural cyclesof natural cycles

Daily cycles are circadian rhythmsDaily cycles are circadian rhythms– Most animals wake at the same time Most animals wake at the same time

each day and get sleepy around the each day and get sleepy around the same timesame time

CommunicationCommunication

Includes a signal and responseIncludes a signal and response– Sight, sound, touch, and smellSight, sound, touch, and smell

Two typesTwo types– CourtshipCourtship– Territorial Territorial

Living in GroupsLiving in Groups

Advantages for hunting and escapingAdvantages for hunting and escaping

~~ Body Plans ~Body Plans ~

Animals that are Animals that are irregularirregular in shape in shape are are asymmetricalasymmetrical..

Animals that are Animals that are regularregular in shape are in shape are symmetricalsymmetrical..

~ Body Plans ~~ Body Plans ~

An animal has An animal has radial symmetryradial symmetry if it can be divided along any if it can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, plane, through a central axis, into equal halves.into equal halves.

An animal has An animal has bilateral bilateral symmetrysymmetry if it can be divided if it can be divided down its length into similar right down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror and left halves forming mirror images of each other.images of each other.

Which figure has bilateral Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?symmetry?

~ Protection and Support ~~ Protection and Support ~ Though not all animals have a Though not all animals have a

skeleton, those that do can be skeleton, those that do can be divided into two groups:divided into two groups:– Those with an Those with an exoskeletonexoskeleton – a – a

hard, waxy coating on the outside hard, waxy coating on the outside of the body that protects internal of the body that protects internal organs, provides a framework for organs, provides a framework for support, and a place for muscle support, and a place for muscle attachment.attachment.

– Those with an Those with an endoskeletonendoskeleton – – support framework within the body support framework within the body that protects some organs and a that protects some organs and a brace for muscles to pull against.brace for muscles to pull against.

~Invertebrates~~Invertebrates~ 8 main phyla8 main phyla

No backbonesNo backbones

95% of all animals are in this group95% of all animals are in this group

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~Phylum Porifera~

SpongesSponges Sexual (hermaphrodite) and Asexual (budding)Sexual (hermaphrodite) and Asexual (budding)

simplest form of animal lifesimplest form of animal life

live in waterlive in water

Do not move aroundDo not move around

no symmetryno symmetry

Pores (holes) all over bodyPores (holes) all over body

5000 species5000 species

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~Phylum Porifera~

Filter Feeders: a sponge filters Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of food from water using particles of food from water using collar cells and then pumps the water collar cells and then pumps the water out the osculum.out the osculum.

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~Phylum Porifera~

Examples: Tube Examples: Tube Sponge, Glass Sponge, Glass Sponge, Sea Sponge, Sea SpongeSponge

~Invertebrate~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~Phylum Cnidaria~

Live in waterLive in water

Most have tentaclesMost have tentacles

catch food with stinging cellscatch food with stinging cells

gut for digestinggut for digesting

~Invertebrate~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~Phylum Cnidaria~

2 different 2 different shapesshapes

Medusa - like a Medusa - like a jellyfishjellyfish

Polyp - like a Polyp - like a hydrahydra

~Invertebrate~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~ Phylum Cnidaria~ Examples - Examples -

Jellyfish, Hydra, Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, sea anemones, and coralsand corals

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~Phylum Platyhelminthes ~

FlatwormsFlatworms

Flat, ribbon-like bodyFlat, ribbon-like body

Live in water or are parasitesLive in water or are parasites

bilateral symmetrybilateral symmetry

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~Phylum Platyhelminthes ~

Examples: Examples: PlanariaPlanaria

eyespots detect eyespots detect lightlight

food and waste food and waste go in and out the go in and out the same openingsame opening

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~Phylum Platyhelminthes ~

Examples: Examples: TapewormTapeworm

Parasite that Parasite that lives in lives in intestines of intestines of host absorbing host absorbing foodfood

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~Phylum Platyhelminthes ~

Examples: FlukeExamples: Fluke parasiteparasite

lives inside lives inside of hostof host

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ Nematoda ~

RoundwormsRoundworms

– Round, tubular bodyRound, tubular body

– small or microscopic small or microscopic

– bilateral symmetrybilateral symmetry

– have both a mouth and anushave both a mouth and anus

– Live in water or are parasitesLive in water or are parasites

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ Phylum Nematoda ~

Examples:Examples:– HookwormHookworm

– TrichinellaTrichinella

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Phylum Mollusca ~

Soft bodiesSoft bodies

Hard ShellsHard Shells

Live on land or in waterLive on land or in water

have a circulatory system and a have a circulatory system and a complex nervous system.complex nervous system.

Important food source for humansImportant food source for humans

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Phylum Mollusca ~

Class Class GastropodaGastropoda

– snails and slugssnails and slugs

– may have 1 shellmay have 1 shell

– stomach-footed - stomach-footed - move on stomachmove on stomach

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Phylum Mollusca ~

Class BivalvesClass Bivalves

– 2 shells hinged 2 shells hinged togethertogether

– clams, oystersclams, oysters, ,

scallops and scallops and musselsmussels

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Mollusca ~

Class CephalopodsClass Cephalopods

– squids and octopusessquids and octopuses

– internal mantelinternal mantel

~Invertebrate~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~ Phylum Annelida ~

– Segemented wormsSegemented worms

– Body divided into Body divided into segments(sections)segments(sections)

– Live in water or Live in water or undergroundunderground

– have a nervous and circulatory have a nervous and circulatory systemsystem

~Invertebrate~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~ Phylum Annelida ~

Class EarthwormsClass Earthworms

eat soil and eat soil and breakdown breakdown organic organic matter, wastes matter, wastes provide nutrients provide nutrients to soilto soil

~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~

Class bristleworms Class bristleworms

~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~

Class leechesClass leeches

parasites that feed on blood of other parasites that feed on blood of other animalsanimals

~InvertebratePhylum Echinodermata ~

Hard, spiny skinHard, spiny skin

Live in salt waterLive in salt water

Radial symmetryRadial symmetry

name means ‘spiney skinned’name means ‘spiney skinned’

endoskeletonendoskeleton

~InvertebratePhylum Echinodermata ~

Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumberdollar and sea cucumber

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~

Body divided into sections/segmentsBody divided into sections/segments

Exoskeleton Exoskeleton

Jointed legsJointed legs

well developed nervous systemwell developed nervous system

largest group of organisms on earthlargest group of organisms on earth

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Phylum Arthropoda ~

3 subphylums:3 subphylums:

Classified into classes according to Classified into classes according to the number of legs, eyes and the number of legs, eyes and antennae they have. antennae they have.

SubphylumSubphylum ChilicerataChilicerata is divided into 3 classes is divided into 3 classes

Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mitesmites

Merostomata – horseshoe crabs – horseshoe crabs

Pycnogonida – sea spiders – sea spiders

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~Phylum Arthropoda ~

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum

ChilicerataChilicerata Class – Class – ArachnidaArachnida

no antennaeno antennae

4 pairs of legs4 pairs of legs

2 body regions - cephalothorax & 2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomenabdomen

spiders, scorpions, mites & ticksspiders, scorpions, mites & ticks

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum

ChilicerataChilicerata Class Class Merostomata

Horseshoe crabsHorseshoe crabs– Ancient group of species Ancient group of species

– Changed little over 350 million Changed little over 350 million years years

– Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf coasts of United States.gulf coasts of United States.

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum

ChilicerataChilicerata Class Class Pycnogonida

– Sea spiderSea spider

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Arthropoda ~ Subphylum - Subphylum -

CrustaceaCrustacea5 Classes5 Classes Aquatic ones have gillsAquatic ones have gills

2 antennae2 antennae

2 body regions or segmented2 body regions or segmented

Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopodsisopods

Many species taste delicious in butterMany species taste delicious in butter

Subphylum Subphylum UniramiaUniramia: 3 classes: 3 classes

Class Class Insecta Insecta (insects) (insects)

Class Class ChilopodaChilopoda (Centipedes) (Centipedes)

Class Class DiplopodaDiplopoda (Millipedes) (Millipedes)

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Subphylum

UniramiaUniramia Class Class InsectaInsecta

no antennaeno antennae

3 pairs of legs3 pairs of legs

2 body regions - head, thorax & 2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomenabdomen

grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, beesgrasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees

~Invertebrate ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Subphylum UniramiaUniramia

Class Class Diplopoda

Millipedes Millipedes

segmented animalssegmented animals Have 2 pairs of legs per segment Have 2 pairs of legs per segment

Primarily herbivores & decomposersPrimarily herbivores & decomposers

~Invertebrate Phylum ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Subphylum

UniramiaUniramia

Class Class Chiopoda

Centipedes Usually terrestrial Centipedes Usually terrestrial carnivores carnivores

Have 1 pair of antennae Have 1 pair of antennae

Are often poisonous, using modified Are often poisonous, using modified front claws to immobilize prey front claws to immobilize prey

Animals with a backbone and Animals with a backbone and nervous systemnervous system

VertebratesVertebrates

What Are Vertebrates?What Are Vertebrates?

Animals with a backbone and a skullAnimals with a backbone and a skull Skeleton made of cartilageSkeleton made of cartilage Largest group of chordatesLargest group of chordates

– Chordates have 4 special body partsChordates have 4 special body parts Notochord- found in embryos, supports the bodyNotochord- found in embryos, supports the body Hollow nerve chord- fluid filled backbone (spinal Hollow nerve chord- fluid filled backbone (spinal

chord)chord) Pharyngeal pouches- in embryos, form gillsPharyngeal pouches- in embryos, form gills Tail- may be only in embryo stageTail- may be only in embryo stage

– Two other chordate groups includeTwo other chordate groups include Lancelets and tunicatesLancelets and tunicates

Regulating body Regulating body temperaturetemperature

Endotherm- maintain same temp. Endotherm- maintain same temp. (warm-blooded)(warm-blooded)

Ectotherm- body temp. fluctuates Ectotherm- body temp. fluctuates with environmentwith environment

~ ~ Phylum Chordata ~ ~ subphylumsubphylum VertebrataVertebrata

5 classes5 classesFish Fish MammalsMammalsReptilesAmphibiansAmphibiansBirds

FishesFishes

Describe the three classes of living Describe the three classes of living fish and give an example of eachfish and give an example of each

Types of FishTypes of Fish Cartilaginous Fishes- No bones, include sharks, Cartilaginous Fishes- No bones, include sharks,

skates, and raysskates, and rays– Covered with denticles to give a rough feelingCovered with denticles to give a rough feeling– Moveable jawsMoveable jaws– Store oil in liver for floating- Must keep swimmingStore oil in liver for floating- Must keep swimming

Bony Fishes (largest group)- gold fish and tunaBony Fishes (largest group)- gold fish and tuna– Skeleton made of bone, covered with boney scalesSkeleton made of bone, covered with boney scales– Swim bladder helps with floatingSwim bladder helps with floating

Jawless- lampreys and hagfish, they are eel Jawless- lampreys and hagfish, they are eel like with smooth skin and a jawless mouth.like with smooth skin and a jawless mouth.– They have skull, brain, eyes, and notochord- NO They have skull, brain, eyes, and notochord- NO

BACKBONEBACKBONE

AmphibiansAmphibians

Terms to learnTerms to learn– LungLung– TadpoleTadpole– metamorphosismetamorphosis

AmphibiansAmphibians

EctothermsEctotherms Most are frogs or salamandersMost are frogs or salamanders Skin is thin, smooth, and moistSkin is thin, smooth, and moist Double-LifeDouble-Life

– Lay eggs without shells in a wet Lay eggs without shells in a wet environmentenvironment

– Tadpoles can only live in waterTadpoles can only live in water– Later they develop into land dwellersLater they develop into land dwellers

Kinds of AmphibiansKinds of Amphibians

SlamandersSlamanders– Modern amphibians- long tailed with 4 Modern amphibians- long tailed with 4

legslegs– Live in waterLive in water– 390 species390 species

CaeciliansCaecilians– Shaped like worms and snakesShaped like worms and snakes– Bony scales, most are blindBony scales, most are blind– Live in tropical areasLive in tropical areas

Kinds of Amphibians Kinds of Amphibians continued…continued…

FrogsFrogs– 90 % of amphibians are frogs or toads90 % of amphibians are frogs or toads– Powerful legs for jumpingPowerful legs for jumping– Ears, vocal cords, extendable tongueEars, vocal cords, extendable tongue

Frogs have vocal sacFrogs have vocal sac

ReptilesReptiles

Define amniotic egg and therapsidDefine amniotic egg and therapsid

Characteristics of ReptilesCharacteristics of Reptiles

Thick Dry Skin- Keeps cells from Thick Dry Skin- Keeps cells from loosing water by evaporationloosing water by evaporation

Coldblooded- ectothermsColdblooded- ectotherms Amniotic Egg-has a shellAmniotic Egg-has a shell

– Protection and moistureProtection and moisture– Internal fertilizationInternal fertilization

Types of ReptilesTypes of Reptiles Crocodiles and AlligatorsCrocodiles and Alligators

– CarnivoresCarnivores– Live in waterLive in water

LizardsLizards SnakesSnakes

– No legs!No legs!– Carnivores that swallow their eggs wholeCarnivores that swallow their eggs whole– Venomous or Constrictors Venomous or Constrictors

Turtles and tortoisesTurtles and tortoises– ShellShell– Turtles live in water or on landTurtles live in water or on land

BirdsBirds

List the characteristics of birdsList the characteristics of birds Describe the flight process of birdsDescribe the flight process of birds

Characteristics of birdsCharacteristics of birds

Amniotic eggsAmniotic eggs EndothermsEndotherms FeathersFeathers Some FlySome Fly MigrationMigration

Characteristics of MammalsCharacteristics of Mammals

Mammary GlandsMammary Glands EndothermsEndotherms Diaphram- helps draw air into a Diaphram- helps draw air into a

strawstraw Specialized teethSpecialized teeth FurFur

Types of MammalsTypes of Mammals

Monotremes- lay eggs, produce milkMonotremes- lay eggs, produce milk

Marsupials- live birth, embryos Marsupials- live birth, embryos develop in a pouchdevelop in a pouch

Types of Mammals…Types of Mammals…continuedcontinued

Placental MammalsPlacental Mammals– Embryo stays inside the mother’s body Embryo stays inside the mother’s body

and develops in the uterusand develops in the uterus