Plant Anatomy

Vegetative and Reproductive Structures

What are vegetative structures (parts) and the Vegetative Stage of

a Plant?

• Vegetative plant parts of the plant that help it to through its daily processes.

• The vegetative stage is when the plant is growing and not ready or getting ready for reproduction.

What are reproductive structures (parts) and the reproductive stage

of plants?• The reproductive parts of a plant are the

plant structure used for sexual reproduction (making more plants).

Main Parts of a Leaf

Tip/Apex

Midrib

Margin

Veins

Base

Petiole

Blade

Leaf

Courtesy of Corinne Banowski

Leaf Forms

Leaf Veination

Dichotomous Veination

Types of Leaves

Needle like leaves

Scale like leaves

Internal Parts of A LeafPetiole

Blade

CuticleUpper EpidermisPalisade Mesophyll

VeinSpongy Mesophyll

Lower Epidermis

Guard CellStomataAir

Spaces

Stoma, singular

Courtesy of Wm. C. Brown Publishers

Leaf Attachments

Leaf Function

• Photosynthesis– Make food (sugar

“glucose”)

• Store water• Reproduce• Protect

Modified Leaves

• Bulbs

• Bracts

• Spines

External Stem Anatomy

Internal stem anatomy

Monocots=grasses, palm trees, corn, ect…

Dicots=trees, shrubs, “leafy” ect…

Function of Stems

• Transport (food down, water up)

• Support (hold up leaves)

• Store (food and water)

• Protect (thorns)

• Reproduction (stolons)

Modified Stems

• Thorns

• Stolons

• Tuber

Root Anatomy

• Primary root: The first root to emerge from a seed

• Secondary root: Roots that branch off of that root

Function

•Absorb water

•Anchor plant

•Store food and water

Flowers

• Used for sexual reproduction

• They make seeds

• Some are male, Some are female and some are both.

Parts of a Flower

StamenAnther

Filament

PetalsSepals

Pedicel

Stem of the flower

Ovule

Receptacle

Swollen base where are parts attach

Stigma

Style

Ovary

Pistil

Courtesy of McGraw Hill Publishers

Pollination

• Pollen (male) lands on female flower and fertilizes egg/ovule (female) and then makes seeds

• Pollinators Wind, insects (bees, ants, flies, ect…), bats, birds, butterfly) ect…

• Cross pollination: between separate plants

• Self pollination: pollinates itself

Types of flowers

• Perfect: have stamen and pistol (both sexes, hermaphrodite)

• Imperfect: missing a male or female part

• Complete: has everything

• Incomplete is missing something, anything.