Post on 05-Jan-2016
PIA 2501: Public Policy and Management
ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NGOs
GOVERNANCE ISSUES IMPACT NGO WORK
THE TIE IN-1
Prologue- World Bank Mission
Local Governance and Civil Society in Guinea Conakry (Stakeholder Analysis- March, 2006)
Creation of a Poverty Alleviation Fund- includes Micro-Credit
Design Capacity for Service Delivery
Need for Predictable Governance and stable Civil Society
Micro-Credit Project in Ethiopia
Tie In-2: The Popularity of Micro-credit
Grameen BankNobel Prize for Peace (2006)
Micro-credit
The Concept and the Controversy
Links to Traditional Savings Banks
Ann Dunham- Micro-credit specialist
Micro-Credit will be Popular
TIE IN-3
NGOs and Civil Society Tie into Decentralized Governance
GrassrootsOrganizations
CivicEducationLand
RuralIndustries
RuralCredit
Governance /Democracy
Communicationand
Support
NGOsWomen’s Focused
GroupsTarget Group
Decentralization and Civil Society: A Grassroots Perspective
Civil Society as a Dependent Variable
Tie In-4
State Societal Linkages: Redux
Central State - Macro
Civil Society - Micro
Weak Strong
State-Weak Strong
Mono-State…...INTERGOVERNMENTAL Systems in place.…..Local State
SOFT STATE…………………………….PREDATORY STATE
Local - SOFT STATE….………………LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Weak Strong
Mezzo-Intermediate
Civil Society--Review
Networks of organizations, groups and individuals pursuing socio-economic interests
"Beyond the family but short of the state" (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel )
Tie In- 5- Human Rights Issues Review
Civil Society and Human Rights
"Human Rights, Basic Needs and the Stuff of Citizenship" (Anonymous)
Issue: First vs. Second and Third generation Human Rights and Civil Society
Civil Society Structures-1
NGOs, CBOs, (Community Based Orgs.) PVOs (Private Voluntary Organizations: Who do they represent?
Grassroots, interests, not for profits (neutrality)
Groups- Role of ethnicity, religion and class, vs. individual rights
NGOs- THE NATURE OF THE BEAST
NGOs?
NGOs--The Nature of the Beast Non-Profits vs. For Profits Not for Profits- More value directed Private Voluntary
Organizations (PVOs) Community Based
Organizations (CBOs) Foundations
NGOs-The Nature of the Beast-2
Civic Associations (Civics)
Interest Groups
Quangos
Trade Unions
Religious Organizations
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Goods for Good- A Malawi Based Organization (BUT?)
Civil Society Structures-2
Privatization as an NGO issue (Compete with Private Sector
Corporatism vs. Clientelism (NGOs vulnerable)
Organic VS. Individualist nature of society (Vincent Ostrom) (Civil Society sometimes seen as collectivist)
Establishing the rule of lawRoman vs. Common LawWhat is the role of the individual
Five Caveats: NGOs
Usually excludes “for profits”
Issue of contractors- both for profits and non-profits
Includes both International and Local
Internationals are not universally loved
Five Caveats, Cont.
Very often internationals are religious or charity based
Focus has been primarily on relief rather than development or civil society goals
Types of “Development” NGOs
Philanthropy vs. Charity
Relief and Welfare Societies
Public Service Contractors
Populist based development agencies (national)
Andrew Carnegie championed the idea of strategic philanthropy: he thought it was better to give people a fishing rod than a fish.
Types of “Development” NGOs
Grassroots associations (local or village based)
Advocacy groups
Public Service Contractors
Rural Development Promotion
International NGOs- Care
Catholic Relief Services
Save the Children
Amnesty International
Oxfam
Origins- Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
War, Drought, Agricultural FailureFocus on Rural Development
Human RightsFocus on Governance
Political Cartoon Remembering the 1960s
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
NGOs--Areas of Perceived Advantage
Cost-effectiveSmall but efficient
Innovative
Staff loyalty and commitment
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
NGOs--Perceived Advantage
• Ideologically compatible with Development values
• Links with poor
• Image of populism
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
International NGOs—Weaknesses
Lack of local legitimacy
Donor driven
Inefficiency
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
International NGOs—Weaknesses
AmateurismLeadership and continuity problems
Staffing problems
Self-serving-own objectivesFaith Based
Annual Meeting of World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations (WANGO)
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster International NGOs—Weaknesses
Fixation on projectsProblems of replication
Lack of perceived accountability
Learning problems/lack of institutional memory
Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
International NGOs—Weaknesses
Tensions with government institutionsPolitically threatening
Ties with existing local elites
Inability of humanitarian organizations to transfer to new development orientation
Not Oprah’s Book of the Week
V.S. Naipaul, Among the Believers
Jim Mayfield, Go to the People
China vs. Indonesia
Believers, Unbelievers
Secular vs. Religious Views of the World
From the University of Utah to Iraq
Jim Mayfield
V.S. Naipaul and with Paul Theroux in 1986
Discussion and Debates
Lawrence Graham
Monte Palmer
Samuel P. Huntington
The Picard Findings
First Group Discussion--Civil Society and Democracy in...
South America
Central America
Eastern and Southern Africa
Asia/Central Asia/Eurasia
West and Central Africa
Ten Minute Break
Follow Up
Discussion and Debate