PIA 2501 Development Policy and Management

Week Eight

Next Week’s Discussion

Danielle’s Briefing

PIA 2501: Public Policy and Management

Week Eight:

NGOs, Community Dynamics

and Civil Society

Community Dynamics

Civil Society--Review

Networks of organizations, groups and individuals pursuing socio-economic interests

"Beyond the family but short of the state" (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel )

The Focus of the Week

ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NGOs

Tie Ins to NGOs and Civil Society

1. The Failed State

2. Decentralized Governance

3. Reconceptualization of Governance

4. Human Rights

“Socio-economic Status and Seniority in the New Jersey Brigade” 1775

Tie ins to NGOs

5. Development Promotion

6. Micro-Credit

7. Nature of the Beast

NGOs-Tie In 1: The Failed State

The Power of the Picture

VIDEO

Prologue- World Bank Mission Local Governance and Civil Society in Guinea

Conakry (Stakeholder Analysis- March, 2006)

A Collapsed State

Creation of a Poverty Alleviation Fund- includes Micro-Credit

Design Capacity for Service Delivery

Need for Predictable Governance and stable Civil Society

GOVERNANCE ISSUES IMPACT NGO WORK

THE TIE IN-1- Failure of the State System

The Hard State

Political Cartoon Remembering the 1960s

TIE IN-2

NGOs and Civil Society Tie into Decentralized Governance

Civil Society as a Dependent Variable

GrassrootsOrganizations

CivicEducationLand

RuralIndustries

RuralCredit

Governance /Democracy

Communicationand

Support

NGOsWomen’s Focused

GroupsTarget Group

Decentralization and Civil Society: A Grassroots Perspective

State Societal Linkages: Redux

Central State - Macro

Civil Society - Micro

Weak Strong

State-Weak Strong

Mono-State…...INTERGOVERNMENTAL Systems in place.…..Local State

SOFT STATE…………………………….PREDATORY STATE

Local - SOFT STATE….………………LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Weak Strong

Mezzo-Intermediate

Tie In-3

Tamil Protests and Sri Lanka’s Political Future

Civil Society Structures-1

NGOs, CBOs, (Community Based Orgs.) PVOs (Private Voluntary Organizations: Who do they represent?

Grassroots, interests, not for profits (neutrality)

Groups- Role of ethnicity, religion and class, vs. individual rights

World Ethnic Divisions

Civil Society Structures-2

Privatization as an NGO issue (Compete with Private Sector

Corporatism vs. Clientelism (NGOs vulnerable)

Organic VS. Individualist nature of society (Vincent Ostrom) (Civil Society sometimes seen as collectivist)

Establishing the rule of lawRoman vs. Common LawWhat is the role of the individual

The Roman Empire

Tie In- 4- Human Rights Issues Review

Civil Society and Human Rights

"Human Rights, Basic Needs and the Stuff of Citizenship" (Anonymous)

Issue: First vs. Second and Third generation Human Rights and Civil Society

Sometimes a Great Notion

Origins- Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

War, Drought, Agricultural FailureFocus on Rural Development

Human RightsFocus on Governance

Tie In 5: Rural Development Promotion

Goods for Good- A Malawi Based Organization (BUT?)

Andrew Carnegie championed the idea of strategic philanthropy: he thought it was better to give people a fishing rod than a fish.

Types of “Development” NGOs

Grassroots associations (local or village based)

Advocacy groups

Public Service Contractors

Types of “Development” NGOs

Philanthropy vs. Charity

Relief and Welfare Societies

Public Service Contractors

Populist based development agencies (national)

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Micro-Credit Project in Ethiopia

Tie In-6: The Popularity of Micro-credit

Grameen BankNobel Prize for Peace (2006)

Micro-credit: The New

Orthodoxy

The Concept and the Controversy

Links to Traditional Savings Banks

Ann Dunham- Micro-credit specialist VIDEO

Micro-Credit will be Popular

Ten Minute Break

NGOs- THE NATURE OF THE BEAST

NGOs?

Tie in 7- NGOs--The Nature of the Beast Non-Profits vs. For Profits Not for Profits- More value directed Private Voluntary

Organizations (PVOs) Community Based

Organizations (CBOs) Foundations

NGOs-The Nature of the Beast-2

Civic Associations (Civics)

Interest Groups

Quangos

Trade Unions

Religious Organizations

Northern Pakistan

Care

Catholic Relief Services

Save the Children

Amnesty International

Oxfam

International NGOs-

Five Caveats: NGOs

Usually excludes “for profits”

Issue of contractors- both for profits and non-profits

Includes both International and Local

Internationals are not universally loved

Not Universally Loved

Five Caveats, Cont.

Very often internationals are religious or charity based

Focus has been primarily on relief rather than development or civil society goals

Indigenous NGOs

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

NGOs--Areas of Perceived Advantage

Cost-effectiveSmall but efficient

Innovative

Staff loyalty and commitment

One View

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

NGOs--Perceived Advantage

• Ideologically compatible with Development values

• Links with poor

• Image of populism

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

International NGOs—Weaknesses

Lack of local legitimacy

Donor driven

Inefficiency

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

International NGOs—Weaknesses

AmateurismLeadership and continuity problems

Staffing problems

Self-serving-own objectivesFaith Based

Annual Meeting of World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations (WANGO)

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster International NGOs—Weaknesses

Fixation on projectsProblems of replication

Lack of perceived accountability

Learning problems/lack of institutional memory

NGOs and Projects

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

International NGOs—Weaknesses

Tensions with government institutionsPolitically threatening

Ties with existing local elites

Inability of humanitarian organizations to transfer to new development orientation

Discussion and Debates

Lawrence Graham- Brazil- Local Government

Monte Palmer- Egypt- Bureaucracy

Samuel P. Huntington- Culture Clash

The Picard Findings- Attitudes Botswana

Lawrence Graham

Forthcoming Books- Next Week

V.S. Naipaul, Among the Believers

Jim Mayfield, Go to the People

China vs. Indonesia

Believers, Unbelievers

Secular vs. Religious Views of the World

From the University of Utah to Iraq

Jim Mayfield

Interview

Deborah Scroggins

VIDEO

Not Oprah’s Book of the WeekJanine Wedel and Deborah Scroggins

Books of the Week

Janine Wedel, Collision and Collusion

Deborah Scroggins, Emma’s War

Follow Up

Discussion and Debate