Post on 06-Feb-2018
Physics Unit: Force & Motion What is physical science?
A. Physical science is a field of science that studies matter and energy. B. Physical science has 2 main branches:
1. PHYSICS: the study of how matter and energy interact • robotics, nuclear energy, solar
panels 2. CHEMISTRY: the study of the
structure, makeup, and changes of matter • chemicals, acids & bases,
medicines
What is energy? A. ENERGY: the ability to do work or
make something happen B. All forms of energy fall under two
categories: 1. POTENTIAL ENERGY: stored
energy that could make something happen a. Chemical Energy b. Nuclear Energy c. Stored Mechanical Energy d. Gravitational Energy
2. KINETIC ENERGY: used energy that is making something happen a. Radiant Energy b. Thermal Energy c. Motion d. Electrical Energy e. Sound
What are the different forms of energy?
A. There are many different forms of energy to make things happen.
B. Below are 6 of the major forms: 1. MECHANICAL ENERGY: the
energy in moving objects 2. ELECTRICAL ENERGY: energy
from the flow of electrons 3. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY:
energy in the form electrical and magnetic waves that can travel through space
4. HEAT ENERGY: thermal energy that comes from moving particles of matter (friction)
5. CHEMICAL ENERGY: energy that holds particles of matter together (chemical bonds)
6. NUCLEAR ENERGY: energy stored in an atom’s nucleus
What is a wave? A. WAVE: a disturbance that transports
energy from one place to another. 1. A wave is energy that travels over a
distance. 2. There are two major forms of waves:
a. MECHANICAL WAVES: waves that travel through matter like air or water
b. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES: waves that can travel through matter or empty space
What is a wave? B. Waves that travel through matter can do it one of two ways:
1. TRANSVERSE WAVE: waves that move up and down a. There are two parts to a transverse wave
i. CREST: the highest point of a wave ii. TROUGH: the lowest point of a wave
2. LONGITUDINAL WAVE: waves that move back and forth a. There are two parts to a longitudinal wave
i. COMPRESSION: where the particles are close together ii. RAREFACTION: where particles are far apart
What is mechanical energy? A. MECHANICAL ENERGY: the
energy an object has that causes it to move
B. Mechanical energy can come in one of two ways: 1. STORED MECHANICAL ENERGY:
potential mechanical energy that could cause an object to move
2. MOTION: kinetic mechanical energy that causes an object to move
C. A force acting on an object is required for mechanical energy
What is a Force? A. FORCE: a push or pull exerted on an object B. To describe a force, you must know a force’s size and
direction C. Size and direction can cause one of two situations:
1. BALANCED FORCES: forces on an object equal in size but opposite in direction
2. UNBALANCED FORCES: forces on an object that are no longer balanced, causing a change in the motion of an object
How is a force depicted, described, and measured?
A. A force is often depicted with arrows of different sizes. 1. Arrows show direction 2. Different sized arows show
how strong the force is B. Forces are measured using
instruments: 1. A spring scale is used to measure a force using Newtons 2. NEWTON: a standard unit of force depicted as an N
3 N 3 N
3 N 1 N