Ph.D. Oral Defense presentation

Social Media Pedagogy:

A Multiple Case Study Approach

Mike Nantais Doctoral Candidate Faculty of Education, University of Manitoba

Ph.D. Oral Thesis Defense!June 27, 2014

Advisor !! Dr. O. Cap!Committee !! Dr. M. Atleo!! Dr. D. Hlynka!! Dr. D. Mann!External Examiner!! Dr. K. King

"There are eight million stories in the Naked City; this has been one of them." closing line from the 1948 film, The Naked City1

1: source of quote: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Naked_Cityphoto by: Allison Nantais, 2014

used with permission

will be

Who is this guy?

& why is he doing this research?

Research Purpose

Social Media in Teaching

How?Why?

Results?

Supports?Barriers/Challenges?

Change?

from the teachers’ perspective.

“look beyond questions of how technology could and should be used, and instead ask questions about how technology is actually being used in practice” (Selwyn 2014, p. 15)

Research Questions!

1. How, and why, do some teachers use social media as part of their practice?

!2. What are some teachers' perspectives of

their experience incorporating social media into their practice? !3. What factors support or hinder some teachers' use of social media

into their practice? !4. Does incorporating social media into teaching lead to change in

some teachers’ pedagogical practices and beliefs? What is the nature of this change?

The Literature

“a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological

foundations of Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and exchange

of user generated content”!(Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010, p. 61)

Social Media?

• Qualitative

• Case study methodology

• Interpretivist - contextual

• Social constructivist

• Phenomenological/Hermeneutic

The Study

• Definitions of social media & user of social media.

• One school site/# participants.

• Snapshot in a defined period of time.

Limitations & Delimitations

• Contextual - not meant to be generalizable.

• Relies on participants’ experiential knowledge.

• Researcher’s background.

Participants, Data, & Analysis

• Purposeful & convenience sampling procedure

• Nine cases (teachers) in Rural Manitoba

• Grades 7 -12

• Several (5-6) interviews over 6 months.

• Documents & social media interactions

• Thematic analysis (structural coding).

• NVivo qualitative software used.

The Context

The Participants

Name Years teaching

Self-rating in social media Main social media used in teaching

Ann 35 “beginner” Blogging – main project Student use of Facebook, Twitter etc.

Nancy 32 “pretty low”Blogging – main project Use of Facebook, Twitter etc. by

Anthony 30 “novice” Google docs among many more

Joseph 26 “not that knowledgeable”

Facebook page (has used many others in the past)

Frank 22 “average … 6/10” Twitter, YouTube (also texting)

John 14 “needs to get better” Blogging

Mary 14 “above very good” Facebook pages (has used social ‘trivia’ sites)

Sally 13 “beginner” Google docs, wiki, YouTube

James 7 “very comfortable . . . use it often”

Google docs, Twitter (also texting)

Summary of Participants: Years of Experience and Social Media Use

Findingshttps://www.flickr.com/photos/dkuropatwa/4285762190/sizes/o/ by Darren Kuropatwa

Themes from the data ~ summary

Why use it?“I can see that's where the kids are at, they want to be using those tools” (Ann)

“They are tethered to them. . . . They’re connected. They are wired differently and we have to accept it, so why not teach them more about it?” (James)

“It’s part of the life of our students in our school . . . you are relating to kids in their own lingo.” (Joseph)

Ethical & Appropriate Use

cc licensed ( BY NC SA ) flickr photo by darrendraper: http://flickr.com/photos/darrendraper/3199912725/

brick wall: https://www.flickr.com/photos/43204851@N00/182910562/“ Asten > creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/

Barriers & Challenges

People

Multiple spaces

Ethical & appropriate use

public vs private

loss of control

distracting

“kids too reliant on it”

“I don’t get it!”

learning curve

safety

People

Multiple spaces

public vs private

loss of control

distracting

learning curve

safety

People

Multiple spaces

public vs private

loss of control

distracting

learning curve

safety

People

Multiple spaces

public vs private

loss of control

distracting

learning curve

safety

People

Multiple spaces

public vs private

loss of control

distracting

learning curve

safety

People

Multiple spaces

public vs private

loss of control

distracting

learning curve

safety

Supports, Barriers, Challenges …

Technology: “If it doesn’t work, you kind of forget about it . . .

I would say that’s my biggest beef with technology.” (John)

Time: “I just haven’t got time now.” (Frank)!!“. . . time to learn all this and keep up with all your [other] school stuff.” (Sally)

“No matter what tools we use in the classroom, there are

always going to be plusses and minuses . . . it’s just one

more thing, one more trade-off.” (Mary)

Time: “I just haven’t got time now.” (Frank)!!“. . . time to learn all this and keep up with all your [other] school stuff.” (Sally)

Participants’ Advice

“Use it, try it, get comfortable with it yourself”!(James)

“Learn about it first”!(Sally)

“Set aside time time to plan for the use of it, and always know how it links to curricular outcomes.”!

“[Don’t use it just] for the sake of using social

media.”!(Joseph)

“[Don’t use it just] for the sake of using social

media.”!(Joseph)

“Embrace it. Let the kids roll with it. Give them

some control . . .”!(Anthony)

Change?

https://www.flickr.com/photos/23208360@N07/4497654605/

Change?

“No fundamental changes . . . who I am is who I am.” (Ann)

Change?

“It’s just incorporated something else” (Joseph)

Change?

Oh I think so, I think very much so.” (Anthony)

Change?

“It’s made me take more chances . . . I am not afraid to use it anymore” (John)!

Change?

“It’s made me take more chances . . . I am not afraid to use it anymore” (John)!

“I have really gone to a more flexible schedule with the kids . . . social media certainly has helped that.” (Mary)!

Change?

I think it gives them [students] a “sense of empowerment” (John) Change?

I think it gives them [students] a “sense of empowerment” (John)

I think the kids are more informed with social media . . . they are more connected with each of their subjects.” (Anthony)

Change?

“What’s been gained is, believe it or not, you connect more

with the kids.” (Frank)

Change?

“What’s been gained is, believe it or not, you connect more

with the kids.” (Frank)

“I think before there was this tension, there was this us versus them mentality where the kids where trying to hide and pull one over on the teacher and you don’t see that anymore. You see the kids being comfy in . . . communicating on a different level with teachers now.” (John)

Contributions, Significance, & Implications

4 Significant areas/implications:!!

•Social media & the terms we use!•Teacher resistance & awareness!•Transformational change!•School level change

• 7-12 public school!• rural, western Canadian!• technology “in use”!• teachers’ perspective

What is Social Media?

Tecc licensed ( BY NC SA ) flickr photo by dkuropatwa: http://flickr.com/photos/dkuropatwa/3862101829/xt

or ~ the words we use!

“a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological

foundations of Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and exchange

of user generated content”!(Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010, p. 61)

Social Media? (literature)

“Social Media . . . a moving target” (Hogan & Quan-Haase, 2010)

I just think about a person using the computer to

communicate with somebody else. So to me, social media is

different from technology in a sense that it’s communicating

with another person or with another human being. !(Nancy)

It would be communicating on a mass scale. So, traditionally when we would email somebody or you would send a letter, it’s a one to one kind of thing. But social media is . . . you are reaching out to a large group of people for a larger audience. (Joseph)

Social Media?

I think of Facebook, Twitter, about connecting, instant access to things like news, information – not just local “our town” – but now global. !(Anthony)

. . . is just . . . communication is what it is, a different form of communication. (Frank)

(Some) Implications

https://www.flickr.com/photos/jasonahowie/8583949219/in/photostream/

social media & teaching/learning

(Some) Implications

Research/scholarship should focus on a particular type of media OR clearly define the way the term is being used in the research as a means of avoiding confusion.

(Some) Implications

Research/scholarship should focus on a particular type of media OR clearly define the way the term is being used in the research as a means of avoiding confusion.

If integration of social media is desired there should be clear plan that involves time & resources for:!!

• professional learning & awareness of what is possible!• planning with a purpose!• critical & creative thinking about implementation &

implications

(Some) Implications

Transformational change?

(Some) Implications

The use of social media has the potential to lead to:Transformational change?

(Some) Implications

The use of social media has the potential to lead to:Transformational change?

(Some) Implications

The use of social media has the potential to lead to:

• pedagogical change, ranging from additional strategies to the potential for transformative change.

(Some) Implications

• enhance a school environment based on trust, responsibility, communication & student empowerment.

(Some) Implications

• enhance a school environment based on trust, responsibility, communication & student empowerment.

What’s next? (future research)

Thank you!

Supports IdentifiedSelected figures & tables used in the dissertation

supplemental slides

Table 4: final themes

Category (theme) Sources References

Benefits of Using SM 39 184

Purpose for Using SM 38 147

Barriers/Challenges 35 135

Change 26 101

School Environment & Relationships 21 63

Ethical & Appropriate Use of SM 22 59

Supports 17 42

Drawbacks & Negatives of Using SM 14 24

Assessment 11 18

Fig. 7: Reasons for using & benefits from using social media

fig. 8: Supports Identified

fig. 9: Challenges/Barriers/Concerns

fig. 10: ethical & appropriate use

fig. 11: advice from participants

fig. 12: social media a confusing term

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