Post on 22-Dec-2015
Personal Endings Review
-O -MI
-SYOU(SG.)
-THE-SHE-IT
-MUS
WE
-TIS
YOU (PL.)
-NTTHEY
All About Verbs
Each verb has 4 principal parts
First Person Singular
Present Active“I love”
Present active Infinitive“to love”
amo amare amavi amatus
To find the PRESENT STEM of a verb, drop the –RE from the 2nd principal part (the infinitive).
Finding the Present Stem
amare amavi amatusamo
The present stem is the second principal part – re.
amare - re = ama
Find the second principal part of the verb.
Finding the Present Stem
• amo, amare• laboro, laborare• paro, parare• porto, portare• specto, spectare
• AMA-• LABORA-• PARA-• PORTA-• SPECTA-
Write the following verbs on your paper…
• 1st laudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatus---praise• 2nd moneo, monere, monui, monitus---warn• 3rd rego, regere, rexi, rectus---rule• 3rd –io capio, capere, cepi, captus---take• 4th audio, audire, audivi, auditus---hear
• The PRESENT STEM is actually used for 3 tenses!
PRESENTIMPERFECT
FUTURE
-O -MUS-S -TIS-T -NT
Present Tense EndingsAM –ing…, …-s
-BAM -BAMUS-BAS -BATIS-BAT -BANT
Imperfect Tense EndingsWAS/WERE …-ING
-BO -BIMUS-BIS -BITIS-BIT -BUNT
Future Tense Endings (1 s t/2n d)WILL…
Test Monday!• Know how to identify a verb’s conjugation (1st, 2nd,
3rd, 3rd –io, 4th)• Know how to make the present stem (drop the –
re).• Know the 3 tenses formed on the present stem
(the “present system”---present, imperfect, and future)
• Know how to translate present tense: I ____, imperfect tense: I was _____-ing, and future tense: I will ______.
• There will NOT be verb charts (o/s/t, bam/bas/bat, bo/bis/bit, etc.) on this test.
• Make the present, imperfect and future tense charts for the 1st conjugation and 2nd conjugation verbs you chose yesterday. (Do NOT use the 3rd, 3rd-io or 4th!)
• Use the PRESENT STEM as your base on each chart.• Write Latin and English.• Use the same paper.• Turn it in to the basket!
amo –I love amamus---we loveamas—you love amatis---y’all loveamat—h/s/i loves amant---they love
amabam---I was loving etc.amabas etc…amabat etc…
amabo--- I will love etc.Etc. Etc.Etc. Etc.
It happened in the past,And hasn’t happened since,
And that’s what’s perfectAbout perfect tense!
Finding the Perfect Stem
amare amavi amatusamo
The perfect stem is the third principal part – i.
amavi - i = amav-
Find the third principal part of the verb.
Finding the Perfect Stem
docere docui doctusdoceo
The perfect stem is the third principal part – i.
docui - i = docu-
Find the third principal part of the verb.
Perfect Stem Practice• porto, portare, portavi,
portatus• terreo, terrēre, terrui,
territus• maneo, manēre, mansi,
mansurus• sum, esse, fui, futurus
• PORTAV-
• TERRU-
• MANS-
• FU-
• The PERFECT STEM is actually used for 3 tenses!
PERFECTPLUPERFECT
FUTURE PERFECT
Perfect Tense Exceptions:
-I -ISTI
-I -IMUS-ISTI -ISTIS-IT -ERUNT
Perfect TenseHAS/HAVE… …-ed
Which Word Doesn’t Belong?
•portabo• laudabas• legebam• amo
-O -M
“I”
Which Word Doesn’t Belong?
•portamus• amas•ducebas• laudabis
-S
YOU (SG.)
•duxit• amabat• laudavit• legisti
-T
HE-SHE-IT
Which Word Doesn’t Belong?
• amamus•portavimus•doces• laudavimus
-MUS
WE
Which Word Doesn’t Belong?
• audis•portatis• amavistis•ducebatis
-TIS
YOU (PL.)
Which Word Doesn’t Belong?
• laudabant•portabunt• amat•duxerunt
-NT
THEY
Tricks for Translating!
• First, look at the verb ending and see WHO is doing the verb.
• Be sure you don’t overlook any letters---for example, if you see –S, make sure it’s not really –TIS or –MUS.
PORTABAMUS
Tricks for Translating!
• Second: Look for a TENSE INDICATOR to figure out the WHEN (tense) of the verb.
BA
WAS/WERE
BO, BI, BU
WILL/SHALL
PORTABAMUSBA
WAS/WERE
WE
Tricks for Translating!
• Third: Complete the verb with the WHAT (meaning).
PORTABAMUSBA
WAS/WERE
WE
CARRY
PORT
ABAM
US
WE WERE CARRYING
Imperfect Tense vs. Perfect Tense• Remember that imperfect tense (the –ba–
words) show past action uncompleted (was verbing), repetitive (kept on verbing), or habitual (used to verb)
• Perfect tense shows past action completed
• Ex: While I was washing dishes, the phone rang.
imperfect
perfect
Imperfect Tense vs. Perfect Tense• I saw John every day.• I attended school for
four years.
• Did you play football long?
• The alarm clock kept ringing.
• I saw John yesterday.• I attended school
today.
• Did you ever play football?
• The alarm clock rang.
imperfect tense
perfect tense
Libellus Verborum
• Present Tense I verb, do verb, am verbing• Imperfect Tense I was verbing, used to verb,
kept on verbing, verbed• Future Tense I will (shall) verb• Perfect Tense I verbed, have verbed, did verb