Percona XtraDB Cluster · Percona XtraDB Cluster powered by Galera Peter Zaitsev CEO, Percona Slide...

Percona XtraDB Cluster powered by Galera

Peter Zaitsev CEO, Percona

Slide Credits: Vadim Tkachenko Percona MySQL University, Montevideo,UY Feb 5,2013

This talk

High Availability

Replication

Cluster

Percona XtraDB Cluster

What is HA

Availability

Avail ~ Ability

Ability to Avail

Availability by redundancy

Duplicate resources

Failover

Probability of failure

Single server: P

Two servers: P/2

X servers: P/X

Probability of failure

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

N of servers

Easy ? Not if we deal with databases

Database

Redundancy ?

Database availability is hard

Service availability

Data availability

Replication

What is wrong with MySQL replication ?

“a”

“a” in async

“async”

“sync”

Didn’t we just reinvent DRBD ?

Clustering

Percona XtraDB Cluster Free and Open Source

Virtually synchronous http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_synchrony

Virtually synchronous

synchronous replication

multi-master replication

parallel applying on

slaves

data consistency

automatic node

provisioning

slaves

data consistency

automatic node

provisioning

Multi-master: MySQL

Multi-master: XtraDB Cluster

slaves

data consistency

automatic node

provisioning

Parallel apply: MySQL

Parallel apply: XtraDB Cluster

slaves

data consistency

automatic node

provisioning

XtraDB Cluster data consistency

slaves

data consistency

automatic node

provisioning

Node provisioning

CAP theorem http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem

Pick only TWO

Consistency Node availability

Partition Tolerance

Network failure

MySQL Replication

Access to all systems - YES

Data consistency - NO

XtraDB Cluster

Access to all systems - NO

Data consistency - YES

3 nodes is the minimal recommended configuration

Split brain

Which system to make available ?

Split brain

But you deal with consequences You still can have this setup

Choice

MySQL Replication: Access to all systems

Data consistency XtraDB Cluster:

MySQL replication based

Flipper

Percona XtraDB Cluster details

Percona Server

WSREP patches

Galera library

Partnership

Percona

Codership

Full compatibility with existing

systems

Minimal efforts to migrate

Minimal efforts to return back

to MySQL

So, is this a perfect solution?

Limitations

Only InnoDB tables are fully supported MyISAM support is limited

OPTIMISTIC locking for transactions on different servers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimistic_concurrency_control

Traditional locking

Optimistic locking

The write performance is limited by weakest node

Write performance

For write intensive applications there could be datasize limit per node Not physical but logical

Join process. Step 1

Join process. Step 2

Join process: step 3

This is software + hardware solution

InnoDB write performance

InnoDB performance + ACID

Cluster performance

• 10 GigE • Infiniband

Network

• SSD • PCI-e Flash

Storage

Join process

State Transfer

Full data SST

New node

Node long time

disconnected

Incremental IST

Node disconnected short time

Snapshot State Transfer

Mysqldump

Small databases

Donor disconnected for copy time

faster

XtraBackup

Donor disconnected for short time

slower

Incremental State Transfer

Node was in cluster

Disconnected for

maintenance

Node Crashed

Scaleability

Scale ~ Ability

Ability to Scale

Scaleability is similar to availability

XtraDB Cluster: Reads scalability is easy

Write scalability is complicated

N servers scale to :

• N factor 100% reads

• … …

• N/2 factor 50/50

• … …

• 1 or const 100% writes

10 servers scale to :

•  1 server: 100 q/s •  10 servers: 1000 q/s

100% reads

•  1 server: 100 q/s •  10 servers: 500 q/s 50/50

•  1 server: 100 q/s •  10 servers: 100 q/s (can

be more)

100% writes

FAQ Questions I am asked

• What happens if one node temporary unreachable ? • How ALTER tables are handled • What happens if someone runs update of 1000000 rows ? •  Show numbers on latency and throughput • How connect node to a cluster ? Just show an example • How cluster decides what nodes to keep in cluster and what to

throw away • Can I select a specific node as DONOR •  Load balancing ? • XtraBackup SST – locking for short period • How auto_increment is handled ? • What is use case for XtraDB Cluster ?

It looks so easy. Why did not you implement it earlier? It is not easy. Computer science of group communication and distributed transactions. Credits to Codership Oy

How fast is it? Reasonably fast.

Can I replicate XtraDB Cluster to MySQL Replication? Yes

Async MySQL Replication

Would I install it on a production system? gutefrage.net Germany’s No. 3 Web Destination http://www.percona.com/about-us/pressreleases/gutefragenet-standardizes-percona-xtradb-cluster 95% reads

How it is compared to MySQL Cluster? It is different

XtraDB Cluster

MySQL Cluster

Easy to migrate Easy to use Cloud / EC2 Changes in an application Write scaling 99.999%

Percona XtraDB Cluster · Percona XtraDB Cluster powered by Galera Peter Zaitsev CEO, Percona Slide...

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