THE ELEMENTS OF

TEACHING AND LEARNING

Reference: Principles of Teaching 1 Corpuz PhD and Salandanan PhD

IntroductionThe Principal elements that makes teaching and learning possible;

1. Teachers – serves as the prime mover of the educational wheel.

2. Learners- Key participants.

3. Conducive Learning environment- provides essential features and

ingredients that could make a headway in guiding the processes and methodologies needed for a smooth linkage among the three.

WITHOUT ONE THERE COULD BE NO TEACHING,

NOR WILL THERE BE LEARNING OF A DESIRED

OBJECTIVE.

AND ONLY WHEN A POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP

EXISTS AMONG THEM CAN TEACHING AND

LEARNING OCCUR WITH PRECISION AND

PREDICTABILITY.

THE LEARNER“Every child is a potential Genius”

Focus Questions;

1. What is the nature of the learner?

2. With what is the learner equipped that enables him/her to learn?

3. In what ways are learners different from one another?

NATURE OF THE LEARNERThe learner is an embodied spirit.

Union of SENTIENT BODY and a RATIONAL SOUL.

BODY – experiences sensations and feels pleasure and pain.

SOUL – principle of spiritual acts, source of intellectual abstraction, self-reflection and free rational volition.

Body and Soul exist in mutual dependence.(Kelly, 1965)

As Teachers, let us care for the embodied spirit-learner.

Let us feed his/her Body as well as his/her Soul.

FUNDAMENTAL EQUIPMENT OF THE LEARNER

Learners is equipped with;

COGNITIVE as well as AFFECTIVE FACULTIES.

COGNITIVE – include his/her Five senses, Instinct, Imagination, Memory and Intellect.

AFFECTIVE – are his/her Feelings, Emotions and Rational will.

All learners are equipped with the Cognitive and Affective faculties. They differ however in the degree to which they are utilized and expressed on account of the learners’ ABILITY, APTITUDES, INTEREST, FAMILY and CULTURAL BACKGROUND AND ATTITUDES.

Now, let us take a look once more at the learner from the point of view of

these five (5) distinguishing elements.

ABILITYIt determines their capacity to understand and assimilate information for their own use and application.Learners differ in the way they observe and interpret happenings in their surroundings. Some are more perceptive and discerning while others are less inquisitive.

With such typical reactions and facility to learn, they maybe classified generally into;

FAST, AVERAGE and SLOW LEARNERS

Others labeled as HIGH, MODERATE and SLOW ACHIEVERS.

As to their mental ability learners can be categorized into SUPERIOR, ABOVE AVERAGE and BELOW AVERAGE.

APTITUDEIt refers to the learners innate talent or gift.

It indicates a natural capacity to learn certain skills.An early recognition of said natural adeptness among learners is indeed compelling so as not to waste such inborn learning.Provisions of a formative environment will be of great help in enabling them to flourish and grow.

INTEREST

Learners vary in activities that are undertaken due to a strong appeal or attraction.

- a physically robust student would go for athletics, while artistic and stylish student would pursue hobbies that are fascinating.Girls are strongly attracted to flowering plants and greeneries, Boys go for hiking and mountain climbing.

Lessons that give them the chance to express their deep feelings for objects or actions will be more meaningful and easily absorbed.

- A classroom set-up could offer a centers of interest that that make their stay pleasant and enjoyable.

FAMILY AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND

Learners who come from different socioeconomic background manifest a wide range of behavior due to differences in upbringing practices.

Their participation in classroom activities are influenced by their home training and experiences, either they become attuned and confident in their ways or inactive and apathetic.

Beneficial relationships of learners with their mentors and with one another affirm the kind of bond they enjoy at home.

Cooperation, coupled with a willingness to share is instilled and is carried over to all associations they join.

ATTITUDE

Learners have a unique way of thinking and reacting facing the same situations in the learning environment, they would react differently depending on their personal characteristics.

Students Learning Attitude;

Student attitudes on learning determine their ability and willingness to learn.If negative attitudes are not altered, a student is unlikely to continue his education beyond what is required. Changing students' negative attitudes towards learning is a process that involves determining the factors driving the attitude and using this information to bring about change.

How do Educators determine Student Attitudes on Learning?

The answer is; They ask them.

Author of the book “Learning through children’s eyes” Penny Oldfather, conducted a study and documented their comments, attitudes and motivation towards learning, she found out that learners lack motivation.

They seem to desire a positive attitude and the motivation to learn.

Once educators uncover student attitudes on learning, the challenge is using this information to shape a positive attitude.

A positive learning attitude requires motivation and gratification; the timing of those variables depends on the Age of the student.Adult students can see the future results of their learning, such as a better job and more money.Elementary students, however, are too young to see the big picture. To them, the need for drive and reward is instant. i.e. students must want to learn, be receptive and participate in the learning process to ultimately experience satisfaction from learning.

How to Compare a Positive and Negative Attitudes?

Attitudes are hard to grasp, since they are not really tangible objects. Attitudes are complex mental and psychological characteristics of an individual's way of thinking, and way of interpreting, evaluating and otherwise learning to deal with life and its myriad issues.

Our attitudes help define who we are, as seen by those around us. Positive attitudes usually foster positive interactions; Negative attitudes usually foster negative interactions with others.

Positive AttitudesPositive attitudes help motivate many people to great success and achievement.

people who exude positive attitudes often have positive effects on friends, family and others they interact with.

Negative Attitudes

Negative attitudes are what motivate many people to belittle or bully others, or behave in ways which can have depressing influences on those around them.

Which means;

Attitudes can be recognized easily by the "fruits" they bring forth. In other words, if someone's attitude makes you feel sad, or depressed, or even angry or frustrated, those feelings are Negative; On the other hand, if their attitude makes you feel elated, joyous or warmly settled, those feelings are Positive.

Some positive attitudes are;

a. Curiosity – curious students are at all timeseager to learn. They are anxious to know more

about an object or event by endlessly questioning until they get the right information

b. Responsibility- responsible students pursue assigned task to completion despite personal constraints. They can easily instill the same trustworthy attitude among themselves.

c. Creativity- students with creative minds are capable of generating own ideas of doing things. Learning is achieved through their own inventions and novel revisions, thus producing new and improved products.

d. Persistence- persistent students sustain interest in a learning activity not mindful of the extra time and effort being spent. They pursue the task to completion and never give up when confronted with problems. They are driven by a never ending search for more knowledge and information.

THANK YOU GROUP 1