PEANUT IPM UPDATE, 2010

Dr. Ayanava MajumdarExt. Entomologist, State SARE Coordinator

Gulf Coast Research & Ext. Center8300 State Hwy 104, Fairhope AL 36532

Tel: (251) 331-8416bugdoctor@auburn.edu

Topics for discussion

• Research results

– Insect detection and monitoring project

– Focus on reported outbreaks in 2009

– Updates to the Peanut IPM Guide (IPM-0360)

– Thrips biological control research

• IPM-CORE: providing new thrust to IPM via integrated information delivery

Program objectives

Research components:• Efficacy of pheromone traps as a early detection tool (short-term)• Impact of weather on insect abundance/activity (medium-term)• Develop site-specific forecasting system (long-term)

Educational components (based on needs assessment):• Early warning system for growers/consultants/Agents (short-term)• Increase adoption of pheromone traps (medium-term)• Thrust to vegetable/peanut IPM via IPM-CORE (long-term)

Funding (2009): Extension IPM Initiative, SPRI/NPB2010: Specialty Crops Block Grant, SPRI/NPB?, Ext IPM?

Insect monitoring project(new in 2009)

• Use traps for early detection of pests

• What does trap catch tell you?

Catch = pop. density x activity

• Trap network (operated by REAs):

N-S: vegetable fields

E-W: peanut fields

• Commercial traps/lures used

• Trapping period: June-October

• Trapping interval (2009): 14 days

• Generate information that you can use WITHIN SEASON

• Know what to scout for & when to scout INTENSIVELY

• Automatic identification of closely related species

• Prediction models will be avail.

Why use pheromone traps?

Wing trap Pherocon trap Bucket trap

Stink bug trap

Trap catches in 2009

Insect catches (June-Oct.):

Lesser cornstalk borer (LCB) = 3,586

Fall armyworm (FAW) = 1,386

Beet armyworm (BAW) = 1,377

Corn earworm (CEW) = 589

Southern armyworm (SAW) = 393

Tobacco budworm (TBW) = 342

Soybean looper (SL) = 230

Cabbage looper (CL) = 223

Corn rootworm (CRW): Southern = 253; Western = 13

Black cutworm (BCW) = 125

Stink bugs (SB, Euschistus) = 0*

* Trap damaged at many locations** Traps added late (July-Oct.)

Total = 8,586High

Low

What is it?HINT: Several outbreaks of these insects occurred in AL, 2009

Outbreak of armyworms in soybean, peanuts (2009)

Beet armyworm

4

10

21

33

49

258

19

36

27

25

05

101520253035

12.3

21.4

28.3

26.6

30.2

19.819.8

12.3

Monthly average activity (statewide)

Insect density (overall) per site

Year 2009

Fall armyworm

20

19

15

32

48

27

36

29

17

1216

13

0

10

20

30

40

5.211.8

23.2

34.7

23.6

31.6 33

17.3

Monthly average activity (statewide)

Insect density (overall) per site

Year 2009

What is it?

Microspines

Corn earworm

6

10

25

12

16

5

3

11

8

3

8

17

7

June

July

(early)

July

(late)

Aug (earl

y)

Aug (lat

e)

Sept (e

arly)

Sept (l

ate)

Oct (earl

y)0

4

8

12

16

10.2

3.4

9.610.3 12.8

15.4

8.7

3.7

Monthly average activity (statewide)

Insect density (overall) per site

Year 2009

What is it?

Microspines

Tobacco budworm

3

2

7

20

15

3 6

6

3

1

3

Insect density (overall) per site

0

2

4

6

8

5

3.1

7.6

8.1

1.4

5 6.2

3.7

Monthly average activity (statewide)

Year 2009

What is it?

Hint: larvae live in silken tunnels/tubes; some outbreaks (?) reported in 2009

Why early detection of pests is useful?

Lesser cornstalk borer in many crops (Clarke, Washington, Escambia Co., Henry Counties)

Lesser cornstalk borer

119

116

7646

142

143

77

Insect density (overall) per site

020406080

100120140

22.5

85.7

118.3

101.6

131132.8

113.6

64

Monthly average activity (statewide)

Year 2009

What is it?

Cabbage looper

10

12

23

3

9

3

5

June

July

(early)

July

(late)

Aug (earl

y)

Aug (lat

e)

Sept (e

arly)

Sept (l

ate)

Oct (earl

y)0

2

4

6

8

2

4.44.5 5.5

7.57.3 8.2

1.3

Monthly average activity (statewide)

What is it?

Soybean looper

6

15

12

2

14

June

July

(early)

July

(late)

Aug (earl

y)

Aug (lat

e)

Sept (e

arly)

Sept (l

ate)

Oct (earl

y)02468

10

6

44.4

9.1 99.2

3.6

7.3

Monthly average activity (statewide)

Corn rootworm4

283 WCRW

12

7

1

14

2June, July

June

June

81 WCRW

June

WCRW SCRW

Source: K. Flanders (2010)

Year 2009

Impact of Weather on Trap CatchesSign. Correlation of TEMPERATURE :County BAW FAW CEW TBW LCB CRW

Cullman NS NS NS 0.9655 (-) NA NS

Chilton 0.9989 (-) 0.9028 (-) 0.6599 (-) 0.9913 (-) NA NS

Baldwin NS NS 0.5863 (-) NS NS NS

Escambia NS 0.8603 (-) NS 0.6295 (+) NS NS

Henry NS NS NS NS NS NS

Numbers indicate significant correlations at P = 0.10. +/- indicates direction of relationship (preliminary findings). Rain days indicate number of days rainfall exceeded 0.1 inch.

County BAW FAW CEW TBW LCB CRW

Cullman NS 0.9905 (+) NS NS NA 0.5988 (+)

Chilton NS NS NS NS NA NS

Baldwin 0.9154 (+) 0.9838 (+) NS NS 0.8347 (+) 0.5882 (-)

Escambia 0.6661 (+) NS 0.7080 (+) NS NS NS

Henry NS 0.9851 (+) NS NS 0.7368 (+) 0.8819 (-)

Sign. Correlation of RAIN DAYS :

Year 2009

RAINFALL

Discussion• Counties along the Gulf Coast had highest insect numbers

• Unusually high trap catches: FAW, BAW, LCB

• Outbreak reports (2009): FAW, BAW, LCB, CRW

• Outbreaks consistent with high trap catches

• Appropriate weather could trigger outbreaks

Goals:• Monitor thrips infestation levels• Encourage registration of biological insecticides• Stimulate research for granular i-cide formulations

Thrips biocontrol research

Tobacco thrips Western flower thrips

Thrips biological control study Locations: Fairhope (22 May), Headland (8 June) Peanut variety: Georgia green Insecticides tested:

Temik (aldicarb) @ 0.5 lb AI/acre Thimet (phorate) @ 0.38 lb AI/acre BotaniGard ES (Beauveria bassiana) @ 1-2

quart/acre QRD452 (Chenopodium) @ 1-2 quart/acre Radiant (spinetoram) @ 4-8 oz/acre

Thrips sampling: foliar sampling 7 DAT using bags Virus hits recorded twice in July

Thrips biocontrol study: abbreviated results

Fairhope, AL Headland, AL

Treatment Rate/acre Application

method

Thrips counts Spotted wilt virus

hits

Thrips counts Spotted wilt virus

hits

Thimet (1/2 rate) 1.9 lb In-furrow 34.0abc 0.8 31.0cde 0.4

Temik (1/2 rate) 3.3 lb In-furrow 30.0abcd 1.4 27.8bcdef 0.6

Karate Z (1/2 rate) 2 fl oz Spray 26.0abcdef 1.6 30.0bcde 0.5

Radiant 8 fl oz Spray 10.6def 0.8 17.8 ef 1.0

BotaniGardd 2 qt Spray 19.6abcdef 1.1 44.8a 0.9

QRD400 2 qt Spray 13.6def 1.3 25.5cdef 0.5

Thimet +

Radiant

1.9 lb

4 fl oz

In-furrow

Spray

6.0f 0.5 20.0def 0.6

Check - 39.6a 2.0 47.3a 0.8

LSD - 20.4 NS 12.8 NS

Radiant is a promising insecticide as stand-alone or as rotation partner.

Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope

TSWV vs. healthy peanut plant

1

2

3

4

5 6

7

Untr. check: 40 thrips/plot, 2-7 virus hits per 60 ft row

Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope

1

Spinetoram (split applications) + phorate (both ½ rates)

6 thrips/plot…no benefit if applied at full rate

Fast knockdown product…less virus hits

Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope

1

Beauveria (split appl.) + phorate (both ½ rates)

35 thrips/plot…reduces by ½ if 2x rate is applied

Slow product…virus hits increase

2

Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope

1

QRD 400 (split appl.) + phorate (both ½ rates)

29 thrips/plot…reduces by ½ if 2x rate is applied

Slow product…virus hits increase

2

Thrips biocontrol test, Fairhope

What is it?

Three-cornered alfalfa hopperOutbreaks in Clarke, Washington, Baldwin, Mobile Co. (2009)

Burrower bugs• Six species in peanuts, Pangaeus bilineatus

most prevalent, sporadic late-season pest• Host range: peanut, cotton, strawberry,

spinach, wild plants• Identification: small insects, note wing

structure & spines on legs• Overwintering stage: adult, under rocks,

crop stubble, volunteer plants• Management:

– Problem in high residue fields– Increasing problem as pods fill (late season)– Use pitfall traps to determine activity– Chlorpyrifos is the only recommended i-cide

Hemiptera: Cydnidae

What is it?

Velvetbean caterpillarOutbreaks in pockets in many Baldwin and Mobile Co. (2009)

IPM COmmunication REsources (IPM-CORE) Project

Project archive: www.aces.edu/go/85 or www.aces.edu/go/88

AU Pest Alert (direct email): July-October

Web outreach: Blogs, YouTube, AlabamaCrops.com, AGFAX.COM

Sign-up sheet for Pest Alert available today

IPM Hotline (messages): 1-800-446-0375

Mobile exhibit at grower meetings, tradeshows

Timely revisions to Peanut IPM Guide

Ext. bulletins (peanuts, vegetables)

Concept: Synchronized rapid IPM information delivery to growers

IPM-CORE: a rapid information delivery system

New Integrated Peanut Entomology Website:

SUBSCRIBE TO THIS FOR AUTOMATIC EMAIL UPDATES

IPM4Peanuts: YOUTUBE channel for AL peanut producers

Acknowledgements

• IPM Trapping Coordinators: – A. Majumdar– H. Fadamiro– K. Flanders

• IPM Team Members:– Lloyd Chapman– Neil Kelly– Michael Reeves– Gary Gray– James Miles– William East, Jr.– Brandon Dillard– Leonard Kuykendall– Chris Becker– Timothy Reed

Thank you very much.

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