Post on 07-Mar-2018
Perception
• The organization and interpretation of our sensations. It is how we create meaning for what we see, touch, hear, feel and smell.
Perception
• Selective Attention: the idea that we are only aware of a small percentage of what we experience.
Selective Attention
• The most famous example to illustrate selective attention is known as the “cocktail party effect.”
Red Green Blue
Yellow Orange
Red Yellow Black
Blue Red
Orange Green Blue
Green Yellow
Blue Yellow
Orange Yellow
Red Black Green Red
The Stroop Effect
The Stroop Effect
Selec%ve A)en%on Theory: the interference occurs because naming colors requires more a)en%on than reading words.
Perception • Visual Capture: refers
to the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses.
Does this picture help you remember the example from your book?
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Perceptual Organization • Gestalt: an organized
whole. • Gestalt psychologists
emphasize humans’ tendencies to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.
• Things are not seen as sum
of parts but immediately as wholes.
Gestalt Principle: Mind Always Wants to Make Stimuli Meaningful.
• The fact that you can read this sentence… “it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a
wrod are, the olny iprometnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae”
…illustrates gestalt principles are at work to make
things a meaningful whole.
Gestalt Psychology l Grouping: the perceptual tendency to organize s%muli into coherent groups
l Gestault/Grouping Principles:
l Proximity l Similarity l Con%nuity l Closure l Connectedness
Perceptual Organization
• Figure-Ground Relationship: tendency to organize information into objects (figure) that stand out from their background(ground)
Depth Perception • Depth Perception:
the ability to see objects in three dimensions. Allows us to gauge distance.
• Visual Cliff: illustrated
that crawling infants and newborns perceive depth.
Types of Depth Perception • Binocular Cues: depth cues that rely on the
use of two eyes. • Examples of Binocular Cues:
– Retinal Disparity: idea that images of an object from the two eyes differ. The closer the object, the larger the difference (disparity.)
– Convergence: extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object that brain keeps track of to measure distance.
Types of Depth Perception l Monocular Cues: distance cues that are available to either eye alone. ODen used in art.
l Examples of Monocular Cues l Rela:ve size: smaller image is more distant l Interposi:on: closer object blocks distant object l Rela:ve Clarity: hazy object seen as more distant l Texture: coarse=close; fine=distant
James J. GIBSON
l Among the first to discover the importance of texture gradient for perceiving depth. Most surfaces have a texture but it becomes less detailed as the surface recedes into the background.
key name
Types of Depth Perception l Examples of Monocular Cues Con:nued:
l Rela:ve Height: higher objects seen as more distant l Rela:ve Mo:on: closer objects seem to move faster l Linear Perspec:ve: parallel lines converge with
distance l Rela:ve Brightness: closer objects appear brighter l Light and Shadow: nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes.
Monocular Cue?
Who is closer: Snoopy or Woodstock?
Woodstock
How do you know? Woodstock blocks part of Snoopy. In other words, INTERPOSITION.
Highlights and shadows can provide informa%on about an object's dimensions and depth.
Because our visual system assumes the light comes from above, a totally different percep%on is obtained if the image is viewed upside
down.
Monocular Cue?
What concept is illustrated in this video?
(h)p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OIGaDXH9v2o&feature=player_embedded)
Perceptual Constancy
l Perceptual Constancy: perceiving objects as unchanging despite changes in re%nal image
l shape l size
Interplay Between Perceived Size and Distance
• Using monocular cues for distance can often cause us to perceive incorrect information.
Sensory Deprivation and Perception
Ki)ens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars. Remember that sensory depriva%on affects infants worse than older animals and humans.
Perceptual Adaptation l Perceptual Adapta:on
l (vision) ability to adjust to an ar%ficially displaced visual field
l prism glasses
Perceptual Set – the power of expectancy
l Perceptual Set
A situa:on where a person is predisposed (more likely) to perceive one thing over another.
Perceptual Set*
Provide punctua%on that will make the words below meaningful: TIME FLIES I CANT THEYRE TOO FAST