Chapter 6: Perception
description
Transcript of Chapter 6: Perception
![Page 1: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 6: PerceptionChapter 6: Perception
It’s a mirage!
Rules of Organization
Deprivation & Adaptation
I was expecting something else!
Imagine that!
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1. When two or more lights blink on and 1. When two or more lights blink on and off in quick succession, it gives the off in quick succession, it gives the appearance of movement. This is called appearance of movement. This is called the:the:
• A) movement illusion.
• B) phi phenomenon.
• C) visual capture.
• D) optical tracking illusion.
![Page 3: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
2. Even though these two figures are 2. Even though these two figures are identical in size, one looks larger due to identical in size, one looks larger due to
the ___ illusion.the ___ illusion.
• A) visual capture
• B) Müller-Lyer
• C) Ponzo
• D) parallax
![Page 4: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
3. The M3. The Müller-Lyer illusion is caused üller-Lyer illusion is caused by:by:
• A) cultural experience.
• B) light and shadow.
• C) shape constancy.
• D) size constancy.
![Page 5: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
4. The St. Louis arch appears taller 4. The St. Louis arch appears taller than it is wide. This is due to: than it is wide. This is due to:
• A) relative height.
• B) size constancy.
• C) shape constancy.
• D) nothing, it really is taller.
![Page 6: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
5.5. Because of motion parallax, when Because of motion parallax, when you are moving and fixate on you are moving and fixate on something in the distance:something in the distance:
• A) more distant objects appear to be standing still.
• B) the fixation point starts to move faster.
• C) it becomes more difficult to stay awake.
• D) closer objects appear to be moving in the opposite direction.
![Page 7: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
6. We sometimes reverse images because 6. We sometimes reverse images because of changes in the relationship of:of changes in the relationship of:
• A) light and shadow.
• B) figure-ground.
• C) size and dimension.
• D) connectedness.
![Page 8: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
7. We see this as two figures together 7. We see this as two figures together rather than as many curved and rather than as many curved and straight lines because of the rule of: straight lines because of the rule of:
• A) connectedness.
• B) proximity.
• C) continuity.
• D) similarity.
![Page 9: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
8. Relative Clarity helps us to 8. Relative Clarity helps us to determine ___ because:determine ___ because:
• A) size; clear objects appear larger.
• B) depth; clear objects appear farther.
• C) luminescence; nearer objects are brighter.
• D) depth; distant objects appear hazy.
![Page 10: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
9. If we assume that two objects are similar 9. If we assume that two objects are similar in size, the one that casts the smaller in size, the one that casts the smaller retinal image is assumed to be:retinal image is assumed to be:
• A) closer.
• B) smaller.
• C) farther away.
• D) larger.
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10. Pablo is a landscape artist who was 10. Pablo is a landscape artist who was known for the depth of his paintings. After known for the depth of his paintings. After an accident, he had vision only from one an accident, he had vision only from one eye. Since then, his paintings:eye. Since then, his paintings:
• A) will have less depth.
• B) will have just as much depth.
• C) will have no depth.
• D) may have depth but will lack in accuracy.
![Page 12: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
11. If a person were to wear glasses 11. If a person were to wear glasses that distorted vision upside down, that distorted vision upside down, that person:that person:• A) would eventually adapt.
• B) would never adapt.
• C) would have his vision permanently distorted.
• D) would adapt but now must always wear the glasses to see.
![Page 13: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
12. Psychics who claim to be 12. Psychics who claim to be clairvoyant are able to:clairvoyant are able to:
• A) aid police departments in catching criminals.
• B) locate missing persons.
• C) sense when something bad will happen.
• D) make many guesses, some of which may be true.
![Page 14: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
13. Dave was listening to sad music 13. Dave was listening to sad music when he heard the word, “morning,” when he heard the word, “morning,” which he mistook for, “mourning.” He which he mistook for, “mourning.” He was influenced by:was influenced by:
• A) clinical depression.
• B) context effect.
• C) depressogenic schemas.
• D) a low level of serotonin.
![Page 15: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
14. Children who are visually impaired at 14. Children who are visually impaired at birth, but are allowed to see clearly years birth, but are allowed to see clearly years later have difficulty perceiving because:later have difficulty perceiving because:
• A) their brains were irreparably damaged.
• B) they missed a critical period in visual development.
• C) their eyes have to fully mend.
• D) none of the above.
![Page 16: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
15. When watching a movie, we see 15. When watching a movie, we see the actors as moving because:the actors as moving because:
• A) the film is moving.
• B) the pictures move in front of us.
• C) motion is constructed in our heads.
• D) of strobe lights.
![Page 17: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
16. “The whole is greater than the sum of 16. “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts,” has been most associated with its parts,” has been most associated with a:a:
• A) Clinical psychologist.
• B) Gestalt psychologist.
• C) Cognitive-Behavioral psychologist.
• D) Perceptual psychologist.
![Page 18: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
17.Retinal disparity refers to the:17.Retinal disparity refers to the:
• A) tendency to see parallel lines as coming together in the distance.
• B) tendency to see stimuli that are near each other as parts of a unified object.
• C) somewhat different images our two eyes receive of the same object.
• D) extent to which our eyes turn toward each other when looking at an object.
![Page 19: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
18. The perceptual tendency to fill in gaps 18. The perceptual tendency to fill in gaps in order to perceive disconnected parts as in order to perceive disconnected parts as
a whole object is called:a whole object is called:
• A) closure.• B) constancy.• C) interposition.• D) convergence.
![Page 20: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
19. All of the following are 19. All of the following are monocular cues of depth perception monocular cues of depth perception except:except:
• A) motion parallax.
• B) linear perspective.
• C) convergence.
• D) relative height.
• E) texture gradient.
![Page 21: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
20. We perceive the moon on the 20. We perceive the moon on the horizon as being larger than when it horizon as being larger than when it is overhead because:is overhead because:
• A) it seems farther away on the horizon.
• B) it seems closer on the horizon.
• C) it seems brighter high in the sky.
• D) it seems brighter on the horizon.
![Page 22: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
21. When we expect to see something 21. When we expect to see something because of prior learning experiences, because of prior learning experiences, such as seeing clouds as UFO’s, it is such as seeing clouds as UFO’s, it is because of: because of:
• A) bottom-up processing.
• B) previous abductions.
• C) hypnotic suggestion.
• D) perceptual set.
![Page 23: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
22. Human factors psychologists 22. Human factors psychologists may use a technique called, “natural may use a technique called, “natural mapping,” which is:mapping,” which is:
• A) drawing a plan of attacking a problem.
• B) moving your eyes in a repeated pattern.
• C) arranging controls to make them easier to understand.
• D) moving in precise directions.
![Page 24: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
23. Even though a door may reflect quite 23. Even though a door may reflect quite a different retinal image when it is open a different retinal image when it is open than when it is closed, we still see it as than when it is closed, we still see it as the same, rectangular door because of:the same, rectangular door because of:
• A) illusory contours.
• B) shape constancy.
• C) retinal disparity.
• D) perceptual closure.
![Page 25: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
24: The fact that the Amazing Randi 24: The fact that the Amazing Randi has never paid off on his claim has never paid off on his claim illustrates that:illustrates that:• A) while ESP phenomena exist, replicating
them in a laboratory is not possible.• B) he fails to be convinced even though the
evidence is obvious.• C) he is a non-believer and a cheapskate.• D) ESP phenomena have never been
proven to be anything more than chance events or fakery.
![Page 26: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
25. As she gazed down from a bridge 25. As she gazed down from a bridge at the rapidly flowing river, Nancy felt at the rapidly flowing river, Nancy felt as thought she were moving. Her as thought she were moving. Her experience best illustrates the experience best illustrates the phenomenon of:phenomenon of:
• A) retinal disparity.
• B) perceptual adaptation.
• C) location constancy.
• D) visual capture.
![Page 27: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Stop here, or continue as a review
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1. When two or more lights blink on and 1. When two or more lights blink on and off in quick succession, it gives the off in quick succession, it gives the appearance of movement. This is called appearance of movement. This is called the:the:
A) movement illusion.
B) phi phenomenon.
C) visual capture.
D) optical tracking illusion.
250
![Page 29: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
2. Even though these two figures are 2. Even though these two figures are identical in size, one looks larger due to identical in size, one looks larger due to
the ___ illusion.the ___ illusion.
A) visual capture
B) Müller-Lyer
C) Ponzo
D) parallax
251
![Page 30: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
3. The M3. The Müller-Lyer illusion is caused üller-Lyer illusion is caused by:by:
A) cultural experience.
B) light and shadow.
C) shape constancy.
D) size constancy.
252
![Page 31: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
4. The St. Louis arch appears taller 4. The St. Louis arch appears taller than it is wide. This is due to: than it is wide. This is due to:
A) relative height.
B) size constancy.
C) shape constancy.
D) nothing, it really is taller.
247
![Page 32: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
5.5. Because of motion parallax, when Because of motion parallax, when you are moving and fixate on you are moving and fixate on something in the distance:something in the distance:
A) more distant objects appear to be standing still.
B) the fixation point starts to move faster.
C) it becomes more difficult to stay awake.
D) closer objects appear to be moving in the opposite direction.
248
![Page 33: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
6. We sometimes reverse images because 6. We sometimes reverse images because of changes in the relationship of:of changes in the relationship of:
A) light and shadow.
B) figure-ground.
C) size and dimension.
D) connectedness.
243
![Page 34: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
7. We see this as two figures together 7. We see this as two figures together rather than as many curved and rather than as many curved and straight lines because of the rule of: straight lines because of the rule of:
A) connectedness.
B) proximity.
C) continuity.
D) similarity.
244
![Page 35: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
8. Relative Clarity helps us to 8. Relative Clarity helps us to determine ___ because:determine ___ because:
A) size; clear objects appear larger.
B) depth; clear objects appear farther.
C) luminescence; nearer objects are brighter.
D) depth; distant objects appear hazy.
247
![Page 36: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
9. If we assume that two objects are similar 9. If we assume that two objects are similar in size, the one that casts the smaller in size, the one that casts the smaller retinal image is assumed to be:retinal image is assumed to be:
A) closer.
B) smaller.
C) farther away.
D) larger.
246
![Page 37: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
10. Pablo is a landscape artist who was 10. Pablo is a landscape artist who was known for the depth of his paintings. After known for the depth of his paintings. After an accident, he had vision only from one an accident, he had vision only from one eye. Since then, his paintings:eye. Since then, his paintings:
A) will have less depth.
B) will have just as much depth.
C) will have no depth.
D) may have depth but will lack in accuracy.
249
![Page 38: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
11. If a person were to wear glasses 11. If a person were to wear glasses that distorted vision upside down, that distorted vision upside down, that person:that person:
A) would eventually adapt.
B) would never adapt.
C) would have his vision permanently distorted.
D) would adapt but now must always wear the glasses to see.
256
![Page 39: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
12. Psychics who claim to be 12. Psychics who claim to be clairvoyant are able to:clairvoyant are able to:
A) aid police departments in catching criminals.
B) locate missing persons.
C) sense when something bad will happen.
D) make many guesses, some of which may be true.
265
![Page 40: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
13. Dave was listening to sad music 13. Dave was listening to sad music when he heard the word, “morning,” when he heard the word, “morning,” which he mistook for, “mourning.” He which he mistook for, “mourning.” He was influenced by:was influenced by:
A) clinical depression.
B) context effect.
C) depressogenic schemas.
D) a low level of serotonin.
260
![Page 41: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
14. Children who are visually impaired at 14. Children who are visually impaired at birth, but are allowed to see clearly years birth, but are allowed to see clearly years later have difficulty perceiving because:later have difficulty perceiving because:
A) their brains were irreparably damaged.
B) they missed a critical period in visual development.
C) their eyes have to fully mend.
D) none of the above.
255
![Page 42: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
15. When watching a movie, we see 15. When watching a movie, we see the actors as moving because:the actors as moving because:
A) the film is moving.
B) the pictures move in front of us.
C) motion is constructed in our heads.
D) of strobe lights.
250
![Page 43: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
16. “The whole is greater than the sum 16. “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts,” has been most associated of its parts,” has been most associated with a:with a:
A) Clinical psychologist.
B) Gestalt psychologist.
C) Cognitive-Behavioral psychologist.
D) Perceptual psychologist.
243
![Page 44: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
17.Retinal disparity refers to the: 17.Retinal disparity refers to the:
A) tendency to see parallel lines as coming together in the distance.
B) tendency to see stimuli that are near each other as parts of a unified object.
C) somewhat different images our two eyes receive of the same object.
D) extent to which our eyes turn toward each other when looking at an object.
246
![Page 45: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
18. The perceptual tendency to fill in gaps 18. The perceptual tendency to fill in gaps in order to perceive disconnected parts as in order to perceive disconnected parts as
a whole object is called:a whole object is called:
A) closure.
B) constancy.
C) interposition.
D) convergence.
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![Page 46: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
19. All of the following are 19. All of the following are monocular cues of depth perception monocular cues of depth perception except:except:
A) motion parallax.
B) linear perspective.
C) convergence.
D) relative height.
E) texture gradient.
246
![Page 47: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
20. We perceive the moon on the 20. We perceive the moon on the horizon as being larger than when it horizon as being larger than when it is overhead because:is overhead because:
A) it seems farther away on the horizon.
B) it seems closer on the horizon.
C) it seems brighter high in the sky.
D) it seems brighter on the horizon.
251
![Page 48: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
21. When we expect to see something 21. When we expect to see something because of prior learning experiences, because of prior learning experiences, such as seeing clouds as UFO’s, it is such as seeing clouds as UFO’s, it is because of: because of:
A) bottom-up processing.
B) previous abductions.
C) hypnotic suggestion.
D) perceptual set.
257
![Page 49: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
22. Human factors psychologists 22. Human factors psychologists may use a technique called, “natural may use a technique called, “natural mapping,” which is:mapping,” which is:
A) drawing a plan of attacking a problem.
B) moving your eyes in a repeated pattern.
C) arranging controls to make them easier to understand.
D) moving in precise directions.
262
![Page 50: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
23. Even though a door may reflect quite 23. Even though a door may reflect quite a different retinal image when it is open a different retinal image when it is open than when it is closed, we still see it as than when it is closed, we still see it as the same, rectangular door because of:the same, rectangular door because of:
A) illusory contours.
B) shape constancy.
C) retinal disparity.
D) perceptual closure.
250
![Page 51: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
24: The fact that the Amazing Randi 24: The fact that the Amazing Randi has never paid off on his claim has never paid off on his claim illustrates that:illustrates that:
A) while ESP phenomena exist, replicating them in a laboratory is not possible.
B) he fails to be convinced even though the evidence is obvious.
C) he is a non-believer and a cheapskate.D) ESP phenomena have never been proven to be
anything more than chance events or fakery.
267
![Page 52: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
25. As she gazed down from a bridge at 25. As she gazed down from a bridge at the rapidly flowing river, Nancy felt as the rapidly flowing river, Nancy felt as thought she were moving. Her thought she were moving. Her experience best illustrates the experience best illustrates the phenomenon of:phenomenon of:
A) retinal disparity.
B) perceptual adaptation.
C) location constancy.
D) visual capture.
242
![Page 53: Chapter 6: Perception](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062305/56814bdc550346895db8b564/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
AnswersAnswers
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. C
10. B
11. A
12. D
13. B
14. B
15. C
16. B
17. C
18. A
19. C
20. A
21. D
22. C
23. B
24. D
25. D