OXFORD INTERNATIONALCOLLEGE OF AIRLINE TOURISM

ANDHOTEL MGT. REWARI (HARYANA)

PRESENTATION ON:-ENGLISH & COMMUNICATION SKILLS

PRESENTED BY:- • PRIYA• RAHUL• PRAVEEN• PRADEEP• PAWAN AGARWAL

PRESENTATION BY:- PRIYA SHARMA

AUXILARY VERBTOPIC:-

More exciting stuff about auxiliaries

There are basically two kinds of auxiliaries: primary and modal.

Primary Auxiliaries

Primary auxiliaries are formed from the verbs have, do, and be.

EXAMPLES:She has known him for ten years.They did not like him very much.I am frustrated by his stubbornness!

Commonly Used Helping Verbsam being do have must wereare can does is shall willbe could had may should wouldbeen did has might was

Some words can be used as both helping

verbs and main verbs. Helping Verb:

- I do enjoy the movies. Main Verb: - I will do the dishes.

Helping Verbs Song (sung to the tune of

“Jingle Bells”)Helping verbs, helping verbs, There are twenty-three: AM, IS, ARE, WAS and WERE BEING, BEEN, and BE….oh! HAVE, HAS, HAD, DO, DOES, DID, SHALL, WILL, SHOULD, and WOULD.

There are five more helping verbs: MAY, MIGHT, MUST, CAN,

COULD.

PRESENTATION BY:- RAHUL

PASSIVETOPIC:-

Using the Passive Voice

Definitions

Changing to the passive voice

Practice examples

Passive voice subjects are acted on

Plastic film … was chosen … to cover the microphone.Passive voice

Subject Verb Object

We ... chose ... plastic film to cover the microphone.

Active voice

Subject Verb Object

Remember tense and number

Passive Verbs in Tenses

.1 Present Tenses

Tenses Active PassivePresent - Simple -eats -is eaten - Continuous -is eating -is being eaten

- Perfect -has eaten -has been eaten

ANSWERS

Tenses Active Passive

Past - Simple -ate -was eaten

- Continuous -was eating -was being eaten

- Perfect -had eaten -had been eaten

ANSWERS

Tense Active PassiveFuture - Simple -will eat -will be eaten

PRESENTATION BY:- PRAVEEN

TENSETOPIC:-

The Six English Verb TensesThree Simple Tenses Simple continuous Present – You walk. I run.

You are walkingI am running.

Past – You Walked I ran.

You were walking. I was running.

Future – You will walk. I will run.

You will be walking.I will be running.

Three Perfect Tenses Perfect continuous Present perfect – you have

walked. I have run.

You have been walking. I have been running.

Past Perfect – You had walked. I had run.

You had been walking. I had been running.

Future Perfect– You will have walked

I will have run.

You will have been walking. I will have been running.

The Simple Present Tense This tense also expresses general truths or facts that are

timeless.

Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

The Present Continuous This tense is used to describe an action that is occurring right

now (at this moment, today, this year, etc.). The action has begun and is still in progress. It can be occuring now, but is temporary

Formed by adding Is/are before the verb and –ing to the verb

The Simple Past We use the simple past to indicate exactly when an action or

event took place in the past.

I visited my sister yesterday.We went out to dinner last night.

The Past Continuous The past continuous is often used with the simple past to

show that one action was in progress when another action occurred.

Formed by adding Was/were before the verb and –ing to the verb

The Present Perfect The present perfect is used to talk about an event that began

in the past and continues up to the present.

He has lived in Modesto for two years. (He began living in Modesto two years ago and he still lives there.)

Formed by adding has/have before the verb and –ed to the REGULAR verb

The Future Will and be + going + to are often used to describe future

actions.

PRESENTATION BY:- PRADEEP

WH WORDSTOPIC:-

What is an interrogative sentence?

• An interrogative sentence asks questions.• An interrogative typically begins with a question word such as who, what, where, when, why, how, are, is, do, can, will, or would.

• A interrogative sentence ends in a question mark.

Examples of interrogative sentences

Do you know what

kind of animal I

am?

When are we eating

lunch?What is

your favorite flavor of

ice cream?

Wh-Questions

MethodWh-questions containing who, what and which by getting the subjects to play a version of the board game Cluedo:

Prompt Target response Mrs Peacock saw someone in the lounge. Ask me who Who did Mrs Peacock see in the lounge? Mrs Brown placed something in the library. Ask me what What did Mrs Brown place in the library? Professor Plum wore a coat. Ask me which one Which coat did Professor Plum wear?

PRESENTATION BY:- PAWAN AGARWAL

CONDITIONAL SENTENCESTOPIC:-

Conditional Sentences

Structure :

A conditional sentence is composed of 2 parts :

If-clause + Main Clause

Example :

If it rains tomorrow, we will not come.

If-clause Main Clause

Conditional Sentences

Types :

There are 4 types of conditional sentences. They are classified according to their specific implications.

Each type of conditional sentences uses different tenses to show the difference in their implications.

Conditional Sentences

Type 0 :

Use : Talk about universal truth.

Tense : Present tense in both clauses

Example :

If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.

Present Tense Present Tense

If you pour oil into water, it floats.

Conditional Sentences

Type 1

Use : Talk about a present or future probable case.

Tense : If-clause ~ Present TenseMain Clause ~ Future Tense

Example :

If I feel sick, I will not go to school.

Present Tense Future Tense

If it rains tomorrow, the match will be cancelled.

Conditional Sentences

Type 2 (Present Subjunctive)Use : Talk about a present or future improbable case. (A

case that is unlikely to happen)

Tense : If-clause ~ Past TenseMain Clause ~ would + an infinitive

Example :

If he were a bird, he would fly across the harbour.

Past Tense Would + infinitive

Conditional Sentences

Type 3 (Past Subjunctive)

Use : Talk about a past, impossible case

Tense : If-clause ~ Past Perfect TenseMain Clause ~ Would + Present Perfect Form

Example :

If I had had enough money, I would have bought the camera yesterday.

Past Perfect Tense Would + Present Perfect Form

If I had come home earlier, I would not have missed the programme.

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