FRBR in Action, or,

How Did RDA End Up Like This?

A library encounter in one act and five commentaries

For two actors and PowerPoint

 Paul FrankGeorge Prager

(You describe the relationships)

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 FRBR USER TASK 1: FIND

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• FIND entities that correspond to the user's search criteria

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 FRBR USER TASK 2: IDENTIFY

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• IDENTIFY an entity (i.e., to confirm that the entity described corresponds to the entity sought, or to distinguish between two or more entities with similar characteristics)

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 FRBR USER TASK 3: SELECT

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• SELECT an entity that is appropriate to the user's needs -- i.e., to choose an entity that meets the user's requirements with respect to content, physical format, etc....

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 FRBR USER TASK 4: OBTAIN

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• Acquire or OBTAIN access to the entity described -- i.e., to acquire an entity through purchase, loan, etc., or to access an entity electronically... 

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FRBR GROUP 1 ENTITIES: WORK

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• A “distinct intellectual or artistic creation”• An abstract entity• No single material object one can point to as the work

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FRBR GROUP 1 ENTITIES: EXPRESSION

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• The intellectual or artistic realization of a work• The specific intellectual or artistic form that a work takes each time it is "realized”

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FRBR GROUP 1 ENTITIES: MANIFESTATION

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• The physical embodiment of an expression of a work

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FRBR GROUP 1 ENTITIES: ITEM

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• A single exemplar of a manifestation• A concrete entity• Normally the same as the manifestation itself

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is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

one

many

Physical – Recording of Content

Intellectual/Artistic Content

FRBR Group 1 Entities

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FRBR GROUP 2 ENTITIES: PERSON

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• Involved in the creation or realization of a work 

• Or are the subject of a work • Allows identification of the person in a consistent manner

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FRBR GROUP 2 ENTITIES: CORPORATE BODY

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• Involved in the creation or realization of a work 

• Or are the subject of a work • Allows identification of the corporate body in a consistent manner

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FRBR GROUP 3 ENTITIES: SUBJECTS OF WORKS

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• Concepts, objects, events, places• Any  of the “Group 1” or “Group 2” entities

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 FRBR ATTRIBUTES AND RELATIONSHIPS

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• Each FRBR entity has a set of characteristics or attributes

• Attributes serve as the means by which users formulate searches and interpret results

• Attributes are defined with the user in mind

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 Attributes of a WORK

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• Title of the work• Form of work• Date of the work• Other distinguishing characteristic• Intended termination• Intended audience• Context for the work• Others …

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 Attributes of an EXPRESSION

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• Form of expression • Date of the expression • Language of the expression• Other distinguishing characteristic• Extensibility of expression• Revisibility of expression• Extent of the expression • Summarization of content• Others …

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 Attributes of a MANIFESTATION (I)

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• Title of the manifestation• Statement of responsibility• Edition/issue designation• Place of publication/distribution• Publisher/distributor• Date of publication/distribution

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 Attributes of a MANIFESTATION (II)

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• Fabricator/manufacturer• Series statement• Form of carrier• Extent of the carrier• Physical medium• Others …

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 Attributes of an ITEM

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• Item identifier• Fingerprint• Provenance of the item• Marks/inscriptions• Exhibition history• Condition of the item• Treatment history• Scheduled treatment• Access restrictions on the item

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Entity Relationships and FRBR• Inherent relationships:– work “is realized by” by an expression– expression “is embodied in” a manifestation– manifestation “is exemplified by” an item

• Content relationships:– Equivalence– Derivative– Descriptive–Whole/part– Part-to-part– Shared characteristics

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Entity Relationships and FRBR

• The first stage of information system design uses these models during the requirements analysis to describe information needs or the type of information that is to be stored. 

Artist Song

Name--an attribute of a Person

Title--an attribute of a Work

has has

performs

was performed by

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   FRBR Relationships: Group 1 to Group 2

PersonDaniel Boorstin

WorkMysterious science of the law

Created by

Creates

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FRBR Relationships: Group 1 to Group 2 to Group 3

WorkCommentaries on the laws

of England

PersonWilliam Blackstone

Created byCreates

Concept/TopicLaw—Philosophy

Law—Great Britain

WorkMysterious science of the law

PersonDaniel Boorstin

Has Subject (One-Way)

Is Subject of

Has SubjectCreated by Creates

Has Subject (One-

Way)

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Original Work-- Same Expression

Same Work – New Expression New WorkCataloging Rules

Cut-Off Point

DerivativeEquivalent Descriptive

Facsimile

Reprint

ExactReproduction

Copy

MicroformReproduction

Variations or Versions

Translation

Simultaneous“Publication”

Edition

Revision

SlightModification

ExpurgatedEdition

IllustratedEdition

AbridgedEdition

Arrangement

SummaryAbstractDigest

Change of Genre

Adaptation

DramatizationNovelizationScreenplayLibretto

FreeTranslation

Same Style orThematic Content

ParodyImitation

Review

Criticism

AnnotatedEdition

Casebook

Evaluation

Commentary

 Family of Works 1 Based on diagram in “Bibliographic Relationships,” Barbara B. Tillett.  Ch. 2 in: Relationships in the Organization of Knowledge, edited by Carol A. Bean and Rebecca Green.  Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, p. 19-35.

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FRAD• Functional Requirements for Authority Data• User tasks:– Find: Find an entity or set of entities corresponding to stated criteria

– Identify: Identify an entity– Clarify (Justify): Document the authority record creator’s reason for choosing the name or form of name on which an access point is based. 

– Contextualize (Understand): Place a person, corporate body, work, etc. in context• Example: WorldCat Identities:  http://worldcat.org/identities/

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FRBR/FRAD and RDA• FRBR and FRAD concepts and vocabulary are the structural foundation of RDA– RDA Part I: Recording Attributes– RDA Part 2: Recording Relationships–Meeting the FRBR/FRAD User Tasks is an overarching goal

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FRBR/FRAD and RDA• RDA Table of Contents• 0: Introduction • Section 1: Recording Attributes of Manifestation & Item

• Section 2: Recording Attributes of Work & Expression

• Section 3: Recording Attributes of Person, Family, & Corporate Body

• Section 4: Recording Attributes of Concept, Object, Event & Place

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FRBR/FRAD and RDA• Section 5: Recording Primary Relationships Between Work, Expression, Manifestation, & Item 

• Section 6: Recording Relationships to Persons, Families, & Corporate Bodies 

• Section 7: Recording Relationships to Concepts, Objects, Events, & Places

• Section 8: Recording Relationships between Works, Expressions, Manifestations, & Item

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FRBR/FRAD and RDA• Section 9: Recording Relationships between Persons, Families, & Corporate Bodies

• Section 10: Recording Relationships between Concepts, Objects, Events, & Places

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Questions and Answers

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