Pageant 32+33 Review

Warren G. Harding

• Elected in 1920 by promising “Return to Normalcy”

• Suffered from a scandalous cabinet

• Dies Aug 2, 1923

American Attitudes

• Denounced radical foreign ideas

• Condemned un-American life-styles

• Shunned diplomatic commitments to foreign countries

• Restricted immigration

Red Scare

• Fear of international Communism

• Lead to the Palmer Raids

KKK

• Anti-

– Immigrant

– Catholic

– Jewish

Immigration Quota System

• Discriminated directly against southern and eastern Europeans

Prohibition

• Supported by the South and West

• Supported by women's groups and business owners

• Volstead Act met most resistance in Eastern cities

Calvin Coolidge

• Takes over when Harding dies

• Former Governor of Massachusetts

• Makes reputation by breaking the Boston police strike

• Decides not to run in 1928

Al Capone• Famous gangster

• Ran operation in Chicago

Flapper Girls

• Symbolized the care free attitude of many

Charles Lindbergh

• First to fly solo across the Atlantic

Scopes Trial• Dealt with teaching of evolution in public

schools

• Showcased differences between progressives and fundamentalists

Consumer Debt

• Involved with “prosperity” of decade

• People buying many goods on credit

• Buying on Margin- purchasing stock with little money down

Henry Ford

• Produced relatively cheap cars

Automobile Revolution• Led to-

– Consolidation of schools

– Spread of suburbs

– Loss of population in less attractive states

– Altered youthful sexual behavior

Radio and Motion Pictures

• KDKA- first radio station (Pittsburgh)

• Movies- talkies by the end of the decade

• Caused a loss of the diversity of immigrant culture

Harlem Renaissance

• Flourishing of African American art, literature and music

1920s Census

• Most people lived in cities

Jobs for Women

• Tended to cluster in a few low-paying fields

Albert Fall

• Harding’s Secretary of Interior

• Involved in Teapot Dome Scandal- corrupt handling of naval oil reserves

Economic Policies

• Actively assisted business

• Andrew Mellon- believed in rapid expansion of capital investing

Muller and Adkins Cases

• Focused on the treatment of women in the work place

Disarmament

• Businesspeople were unwilling to help pay for a larger US navy

Kellogg-Briand Pact

• Outlawed War as a solution to international rivalry

Farmers

• No more WWI government purchases

• Mechanization was expensive, so farmers produced more

• Set themselves up for disaster by overproducing

Progressive Party

• Hurt by the prosperity of the 1920s

• People didn’t want economic change

Fordney-McCumber Tariff

• Increased tariff rates

• Made it difficult for European nations to sell good in US

• Unable to raise money to repay WW I loans

WW I War Debts

• US insisted GB and France pay debts in full

• GB and France demanded reparation payments from Germany

Washington Naval Conference• Set limits on naval tonnage-

• Great Britain and US- 525,000 tons

• Japan- 315,000 tons

• Allowed Japan to fortify Eastern possessions

9 Power Treaty

• Assured an Open Door with China

Dawes Plan

• US Banker make loans to Germany

• Germany pays reparations to GB and France

• GB and France pay WWI loans to US

US

Germany Great Britain + France

Hawley Smoot Tariff

• Deepened the world wide depression

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

• Established under Hoover to provide aid to business and local governments

• Made loans to businesses and banks

Bonus Expeditionary Force

• Wanted payments for WW I service

• Payments were not due until 1945

Stimson Doctrine

• US would not recognize territorial gains achieved by force

Herbert Hoover

• Easily defeats Alfred E. Smith in the election of 1928

Hoover and the Great Depression

• Offered federal assistance to businesses and banks, but not individuals