Post on 11-Apr-2017
Overcoming challenges and barriers in CSA implementation Alain Vidal, Director of Strategic Partnerships, CGIAR Consortium
2013
Why is CSA important? - Mitigation
“Business as usual” (BAU) agriculture emissions would comprise ~50% of allowable emissions to achieve a 2°C world
Gt CO2e per year
2010 2050 (Business as
usual)
2050 (2°C target)
9 11
40
74
Non-agricultural emissions
Agricultural and agriculture-driven land-use change emissions
~50%
49
85
22
CGIAR: the world’s leading agricultural research partnership, working towards a food secure future
At the UN SG Climate Summit in 2014, CGIAR committed to dedicate 60% of its 1b$ research for
development effort to climate-smart agriculture
CGIAR’s global research Centers
CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) portfolio
• Maize• Wheat • Rice• Roots, Tubers & Bananas• Dryland Cereals• Grain Legumes• Livestock and Fish
• Humid Tropics• Aquatic Agricultural Systems• Dryland Systems
• Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)• Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA)• Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE)
• CRP for Managing & Sustaining Crop Collections
• Policies, Institutions & Market
• Agriculture for Nutrition & Health
1. Climate-Smart technologies, practices, and portfolios
3. Low emissions development
4. Policies and institutions for climate-resilient food systems
2. Climate information services and climate-informed safety nets
How do we address challenges and barriers?
Challenge 1
Complexity of bringing the three CSA ‘pillars’ together
Keep flooded for first 15 days and at flowering
Irrigate when water drops to 15 cm below the surface
Summer/ Autumn
Winter/ Spring
30% less water
20-50% less GHG
Lower costsNo yield loss
Alternate-Wetting-and-Drying in rice in Asia (AWD)
Beware of the « wrapped chocolate »…
Source: World Bank, FAO
Food security ≠ Productivity !
Challenge 2: Integrating CSA to drive existing initiatives and programmes
Innovative approach involving:1. Situation Analysis2. Targeting, Prioritising and
Programming3. Monitoring and Evaluation
CSA PLAN also helps understand implications of CSA across value chains (challenge 9)
Challenge 3: Defining the business case for farmers
• Preference to spend on a mix of ways to minimize climatic risks
• Buying special seeds or using special machines represent value for money
• Climate information and warning services expected
Challenge 4: Access to finance for smallholder farmers
• IFAD’s Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture Programme (ASAP) – 300m$ to 8m farmers
• Unlocking carbon finance
• Weather index-based insurance in India, Nigeria, etc. including for African pastoralists
• Good target for impact investment e.g. Landscape Fund to mobilize investment for landscape-level programmes (Challenge 10)
Challenge 5: CSA knowledge exchange
• SHAMBA SHAPE UP reached 9m farmers in East Africa
• Seasonal weather forecasts in Senegal reaching 2m farmers through community-based radio
• Precision fertilizer application advice through mobile phone apps in East Asia
Challenge 6: Lack of data and advisory services
Challenge 7: Uncertainty relating to policy incentives
• Detailed future scenarios for 6 regions
• National policy makers reimagine future scenarios in the context of their own goals
• 7 countries using scenarios to test and revise major climate and agriculture initiatives
Challenge 8: Accessing, analysing and monitoring data in a cost-appropriate and efficient manner
• Small-Holder Agriculture Monitoring and Baseline Assessment (SHAMBA) tool for mitigation data
• IMPACTLite Tool for production systems data
• Gender and Inclusion Toolkit for gender and social inequality data
A few take home messages
The Smart Way Forward
• Go with the whole CSA chocolate box• Unwrap the food security chocolate before eating
• Start envisage CSA as a social business where Mitigation pays for adaptation
e.g. carbon finance Adaptation pays for mitigation e.g. index-based
insurance
• Integration is key…Come and visit our Climate Smart Villages
Key Interventions in a Climate-Smart Village