Post on 28-Aug-2020
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OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology
• College of Optometry website– Current students
– Academic resources
– Online course materials
• http://www.opt.uh.edu/current-students/academic-resources/online-course-materials/
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Physiology and Molecular BiologyFall 2017
Laura J. Frishman, PhD, Deborah C Otteson, PhD
Lanny Shulman, OD, PhD Muscle
Deborah C. Otteson, PhD Molecular Biology
Rachel Redfern, OD, PhD Immunology
Alan R. Burns, PhD Cardiovascular System
Nick R. Holdeman, OD, MD Hypertension
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Fall 2017Physiology/Pathology – Molecules to Systems
Membrane biology
Neuro and muscle physiology
Cell & molecular biology
Immunology
Systems physiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical correlations
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Preparation for:
General and ocular pathology
Ocular anatomy and physiology
General and ocular pharmacology
Future courses and clinical applications
Boards and beyond
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Preparation for…..
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Why carrots are soImportant?
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Systemic diseases that affect the eye: Example: Herpes zoster
HZ ophthalmicus 7
Eukaryotic CellsCharacteristics of the plasma membrane
Transport across the cell membrane
August 22, 2017Fall 2017, OPTO 5344
Lecture 1 8
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Cell types:In and around the eye
NeuronsEpithelialMuscleConnectiveFat
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ORGANELLES
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Size of cells and organelles
confocal
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•Microfilament (cell motility, e.g. actin)
•Intermediate filament (Tensile strength, e.g. keratins, vimentin)
•Microtubule (tracks, e.g. tubulin)
Microtubule motorskinesinsdyneins
Cytoskeleton
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The plasma membraneLipid bilayer Fluid mosaic model
ECF
ICF
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The plasma membraneLipid bilayer Fluid mosaic model
ECF
ICF14
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Junctions between cells:garden variety epithelial cell
Basal lamina: laminins, collagens, proteoglycans…Extracellular matrix and connective tissue 15
Cell adhesion
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Gap junctions -
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Ciliary epithelium
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Body fluid compartments
Total body water 50-70%% of body weight
2/3 in intracellular fluid/ 1/3 in extracellular
water: 70-85% of cell mass (40% of body wt)
Electrolytes - (e.g. K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, ) <1% of cell mass
See Table 1
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Composition: extracellular & intracellular fluid
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Transport across the cell membrane
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Channels and transporters
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AquaporinsWater channels
202003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Peter Agre & Roderick MacKinnon
tetramer
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Membrane permeability
Aquaporins – H2O
Aquaglyceroporinsgasesglycerolsmall uncharged
polar molecules
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Simple diffusion
NET FLUX = J = PA CA – CB)
P Permeability (P = KD/x)
A Area
C Concentration
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K Partition coefficient (lipid solubility)D Diffusion coefficient (cm2/sec)x Membrane thickness (cm)
Passive diffusion
Time 28
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Channels in membranes
• Ligand or receptor-activated
• Voltage-activated
• Mechano-sensitive, e.g. stretch-activated29
Simple diffusion or carrier-dependent
• Carrier dependent:
Rate saturates
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Channels and transporters
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Primary active transport: Na+ –K+ ATPase
Nobel prize: 1997 (Skou) 32
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Membrane permeability
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Secondary active transport:co-transport – symport in this example
OutsideInside
or Glucose
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Active transport: primary and secondary
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Measures of solute concentration
Molarity – moles / L
Equivalent – takes valence into
account
Osmolarity – moles solute particles/L
Osmolality – moles solute particles/Kg
Percent solution – gms in 100 mL
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Concentration conversion
NaCl - 154 mM is equal to about a0.9% solution (isotonic)
(molarity - molecular wt in gms/L)
Na 23 gm
Cl 35 gm
NaCl 58 gm
Worked out on the board in class
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Concentration conversion from mM to percent solution for isotonic saline
NaCl - 154 mM is equal to about a
0.9% solution (isotonic)
Na 23 gm
Cl 35 gm
NaCl 58 gm
0.154 M X 58 gm = 8.9 gm (Approx. 9 gm) in 1.0 liter of water
0.9 gm in 100 ml of water = 0.9%38
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Osmotic pressure
Tonicity
Osmosis – Movement of solvent (water)
Tonicity
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Endocytosis and exocytosis
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Phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments
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Phagocytosis by retinal pigment epithelial cells of shed photoreceptor disks
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