OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons...
Transcript of OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons...
![Page 1: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology
• College of Optometry website– Current students
– Academic resources
– Online course materials
• http://www.opt.uh.edu/current-students/academic-resources/online-course-materials/
1
Physiology and Molecular BiologyFall 2017
Laura J. Frishman, PhD, Deborah C Otteson, PhD
Lanny Shulman, OD, PhD Muscle
Deborah C. Otteson, PhD Molecular Biology
Rachel Redfern, OD, PhD Immunology
Alan R. Burns, PhD Cardiovascular System
Nick R. Holdeman, OD, MD Hypertension
2
![Page 2: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Fall 2017Physiology/Pathology – Molecules to Systems
Membrane biology
Neuro and muscle physiology
Cell & molecular biology
Immunology
Systems physiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical correlations
3
Preparation for:
General and ocular pathology
Ocular anatomy and physiology
General and ocular pharmacology
Future courses and clinical applications
Boards and beyond
4
![Page 3: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Preparation for…..
5
Why carrots are soImportant?
6
![Page 4: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Systemic diseases that affect the eye: Example: Herpes zoster
HZ ophthalmicus 7
Eukaryotic CellsCharacteristics of the plasma membrane
Transport across the cell membrane
August 22, 2017Fall 2017, OPTO 5344
Lecture 1 8
![Page 5: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Cell types:In and around the eye
NeuronsEpithelialMuscleConnectiveFat
9
ORGANELLES
10
![Page 6: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Size of cells and organelles
confocal
11
•Microfilament (cell motility, e.g. actin)
•Intermediate filament (Tensile strength, e.g. keratins, vimentin)
•Microtubule (tracks, e.g. tubulin)
Microtubule motorskinesinsdyneins
Cytoskeleton
12
![Page 7: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
The plasma membraneLipid bilayer Fluid mosaic model
ECF
ICF
13
The plasma membraneLipid bilayer Fluid mosaic model
ECF
ICF14
![Page 8: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Junctions between cells:garden variety epithelial cell
Basal lamina: laminins, collagens, proteoglycans…Extracellular matrix and connective tissue 15
Cell adhesion
16
![Page 9: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Gap junctions -
17
18
![Page 10: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Ciliary epithelium
19
Body fluid compartments
Total body water 50-70%% of body weight
2/3 in intracellular fluid/ 1/3 in extracellular
water: 70-85% of cell mass (40% of body wt)
Electrolytes - (e.g. K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, ) <1% of cell mass
See Table 1
20
![Page 11: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Composition: extracellular & intracellular fluid
21
22
![Page 12: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Transport across the cell membrane
23
Channels and transporters
24
![Page 13: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
AquaporinsWater channels
202003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Peter Agre & Roderick MacKinnon
tetramer
25
Membrane permeability
Aquaporins – H2O
Aquaglyceroporinsgasesglycerolsmall uncharged
polar molecules
26
![Page 14: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Simple diffusion
NET FLUX = J = PA CA – CB)
P Permeability (P = KD/x)
A Area
C Concentration
27
K Partition coefficient (lipid solubility)D Diffusion coefficient (cm2/sec)x Membrane thickness (cm)
Passive diffusion
Time 28
![Page 15: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Channels in membranes
• Ligand or receptor-activated
• Voltage-activated
• Mechano-sensitive, e.g. stretch-activated29
Simple diffusion or carrier-dependent
• Carrier dependent:
Rate saturates
30
![Page 16: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Channels and transporters
31
Primary active transport: Na+ –K+ ATPase
Nobel prize: 1997 (Skou) 32
![Page 17: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Membrane permeability
33
Secondary active transport:co-transport – symport in this example
OutsideInside
or Glucose
34
![Page 18: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Active transport: primary and secondary
35
36
Measures of solute concentration
Molarity – moles / L
Equivalent – takes valence into
account
Osmolarity – moles solute particles/L
Osmolality – moles solute particles/Kg
Percent solution – gms in 100 mL
![Page 19: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Concentration conversion
NaCl - 154 mM is equal to about a0.9% solution (isotonic)
(molarity - molecular wt in gms/L)
Na 23 gm
Cl 35 gm
NaCl 58 gm
Worked out on the board in class
37
Concentration conversion from mM to percent solution for isotonic saline
NaCl - 154 mM is equal to about a
0.9% solution (isotonic)
Na 23 gm
Cl 35 gm
NaCl 58 gm
0.154 M X 58 gm = 8.9 gm (Approx. 9 gm) in 1.0 liter of water
0.9 gm in 100 ml of water = 0.9%38
![Page 20: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
39
Osmotic pressure
Tonicity
Osmosis – Movement of solvent (water)
Tonicity
40
![Page 21: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Endocytosis and exocytosis
41
42
![Page 22: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
43
Phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments
44
![Page 23: OPTO 5344: Physiology and Molecular Biology€¦ · 5 Cell types: In and around the eye Neurons Epithelial Muscle Connective Fat 9 ORGANELLES 10. 6 Size of cells and organelles confocal](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071105/5fdf055c51239f20a27f66ad/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Phagocytosis by retinal pigment epithelial cells of shed photoreceptor disks
45