Post on 15-Jul-2015
Give them a gold star: exploring the potential of
open badges
Craig Brown
Vicki Dale
Sarah Honeychurch
John Maguire
Learning Technology Unit
Overview of session
• Introduction
• Motivation of learners (Vicki Dale)
• Technical considerations (Craig Brown and John Maguire)
• Examples (Sarah Honeychurch)
• Group activity: designing badges (all participants)
• Feedback
What motivates people to learn?
• Types of motivation
– Broad types
• Intrinsic
• Extrinsic
• Social
– Subtle variations (Ryan & Deci’s Self-Determination Theory)
– Implications for open badges
What motivates learners to engage in CPD?
Dale, V. H. M., S. E. Pierce and S. A. May (2010). "The importance of cultivating a preference for complexity in
veterinarians for effective lifelong learning." Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 37(2): 165-171.
Response to
external incentives
(rewards or punishment)
Love of
learning
Inner drive
Participation in social
activities by ‘activity-
oriented’ learners
• Learning explained by environmental (external) influences on
observed behaviour (learned associations)
– Summary video: www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUwCgFSb6Nk
Extrinsic motivation associated with behaviourism –
very simplistic way of looking at learning
B. F. Skinner’s
operant conditioning
Ivan Pavlov’s
classical
conditioning
John B. Watson
Stimulus-response model
Edward L. Thorndike
Law of effect
"One of Pavlov's dogs" by Rklawton - English Wikipedia, see below.
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via
Wikimedia Commons -
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:One_of_Pavlov%27s_dogs.j
pg#mediaviewer/File:One_of_Pavlov%27s_dogs.jpg
Skinner’s first teaching machine by Silly rabbit,
CC-BY-3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/common
s/2/2d/Skinner_teaching_machine_08.jpg
By Christine Matthews [CC-BY-SA-2.0,
via Wikimedia Commons,
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3
ARock_Dove_(Feral_Pigeon)_(Columba_l
ivia)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1309587.jpg
However …
Dale, V. H. M., S. E. Pierce and S. A. May (2010). "The importance of cultivating a preference for complexity in
veterinarians for effective lifelong learning." Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 37(2): 165-171.
Preference for complexity = deep approach, high need for cognition, construction & use of knowledgePreference for simplicity= surface approach, low need for cognition, intake of knowledge
Preference for complexity positively correlated with
intrinsic AND extrinsic AND social motivation …
Ryan, R. M. and E. L. Deci (2000). "Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation,
social development, and well-being." American Psychologist 55(1): 68.
Self-determination theory (Ryan and Deci 2000) provides insight
into subtle variations of extrinsic motivation
Where do open badges fit into this model of motivation?
Behaviourist Constructivist
?
Motivation … implications for open badges
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Amotivation
Social
• Participation / attendance
– Nice to have, easy to get (Curran 2014)
• Competency based badge
– ‘Digital credentialing’ (Jovanovic & Devedzic 2014)
– Legitimises informal learning experiences (Goligoski 2012)
– Aids transparency to learner achievements (Curran 2014)
– Promotes self-reflection & planning (Jovanovic & Devedzic 2014)
• Gamification
– ‘Fun’ element, fostering collaboration & competition
(Glover 2013, Seliskar 2014)
Storing your badges
• What is the Mozilla backpack?
• How do I add badges to my backpack?
• How do I display my badges?
MOZILLA BACKPACK
Storing your badges
• A repository for collecting and displaying badges from a variety of source
• The Open Badges backpack is an interface where the earner can import badges, delete badges, set privacy controls, create and publish groups of badges.
WHAT IS THE MOZILLA BACKPACK?
Storing your badges
• You need to add any awarded badges issued they will not appear automatically once you have earned them.
• Earning a badge.
ADDING BADGES
Creating badgesISSUING PLATFORMS
3rd-party badge issuerData stored on someone else’s server, start issuing now
Use a pluginAdd to an existing product (Moodle, Wordpress, etc.)
Build your own bespoke solutionHire a developer, hold your own data
Creating badgesISSUING IN MOODLE
Requires enabling activity completionIssued manually or linked to activities
No input area for criteriaCriteria selectable only from activities or manual issue
EvidenceNo area for link to evidence
Group activity: design a badge
• The worksheet on the tables is taken from:
http://www.jiscrsc.ac.uk/media/421718/jiscopenbadgesde
signtoolkit-print_1.pdf
Feedback
• http://learn.gla.ac.uk/yacrs/index.php
• Session 43
Further reading and information
Jisc Open Badge Design Toolkit:
http://www.jiscrsc.ac.uk/media/421718/jiscopenbadgesdesigntoolkit-print_1.pdf
Curran, T. (2014). "How open badges can promote student motivation." Retrieved 26
November, 2014, from http://tedcurran.net/2014/06/06/open-badges-motivation/.
Glover, I. (2013). “Play as you learn: gamification as a technique for motivating learners.”
EdMedia 2013, World Conference on Educational Media & Technology.
Glover, I. and F. Latif (2013). “Investigating perceptions and potential of open badges in
formal higher education.” World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia
and Telecommunications.
Goligoski, E. (2012). "Motivating the learner: Mozilla’s open badges program." Access to
Knowledge: A Course Journal 4(1): 1-8.
Jovanovic, J. and V. Devedzic (2014, early online). "Open Badges: Novel means to
motivate, scaffold and recognize learning." Technology, Knowledge and Learning: 1-8.
Seliskar, H. V. (2014). "Using badges in the classroom to motivate learning." Retrieved 26
November, 2014, from http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/teaching-with-technology-
articles/using-badges-classroom-motivate-learning/.