NOTES #2Plant Kingdom

2 Main Categories of Plants:1.Nonvascular – no

conducting tissue (no veins)

Vascular – have conducting tissue (have veins)

NONVASCULAR VS. VASCULAR Small Mostly found in

water environment

NO true roots, stems or leaves

Examples: algae, moss & liverworts

Large Land environment True stems, roots

and leaves Examples: club

mosses, ferns, gymnosperms & angiosperms

NONVASCULAR PLANTS1. Algae

Some unicellular, live in colonies, multicellular, classified by color – red, green & brown

2. Mosses & LiverwortsMulticellular, first land plants, must live near moist environment

ALGAE

ALGAE

No protective covering (no cuticle)

Use water for support

Very thin (1-2 cells thick); absorb water by diffusion

No vascular tissue (veins)

Reproduction is dependent on water

Mosses & LiverwortsNo protective covering (no cuticle)

No supporting tissue (small & low to the ground)

No conducting tissue (no veins)

Thin, absorb water directly from environment

Reproduction is water dependent

MOSS

LIVERWORTS

VASCULAR PLANTS

1. Spore PlantsWater dependent

environmentExamples: Club Mosses,

Horsetails and Ferns

2. Seed PlantsWater independent environment

Examples: Gymnosperms & Angiosperms

Club Mosses & Horsetails

Have a cuticle

Primitive vascular tissue – carries limited amounts of food and water

Limited size & thickness

No true stem, roots or leaves

Reproduction is water dependent; spores and gametes

CLUB MOSSES

HORSETAILS

FERNS

Have a cuticle

Larger vascular tissue – larger size

No true stem, roots or leaves

Reproduction is water dependent – spores and gametes

FERN

                                                   

GYMNOSPERMS

Have cuticle and stomata (for gas exchange)

Improved vascular tissue – greater size & supportive tissue (wood)

Reproduction is water independent – wind carries the pollen

Seeds in an open cone

Leaves are needlelike – most evergreen

True root, stem and leaves

These plants reproduction takes place in a cone (Reproductive structure that produces naked seeds – No fruit

GYMNOSPERMS

ANGIOSPERMS

Have cuticle and stomata

Most advanced vascular system

True stem, roots and leaves

Leaves are broad and deciduous (fall off during the fall)

Reproduction in a seed which is protected by a fruit

Flowers are insect and wind pollinated

ANGIOSPERMS

ANGIOSPERMSReproduction of flowering plants takes place within the flower

SEED – Reproductive structure

made of plant embryo (An egg and a sperm that will grow into a new plant), that is surrounded by its stored food

FRUIT – Protects the seed and aids in seed dispersal

PARTS OF A FLOWER

Style

Stigma

Anther

Filament

Ovary

Sepal*

Petal*

Box = Male part

Circle = Female part

Star = Not male or female

POLLINATION

Most gymnosperms are wind pollinated and most angiosperms are pollinated by wind or insects

Wind pollinated plants rely on favorable weather and sheer numbers to get pollen from one plant to another

Insect pollinated plants have bright colors and sweet nectar to attract insects

SEED DISPERSAL Some seeds are

dispersed by animals

Animals eat the fruit that surrounds the seeds and then the seeds are released by the animal as waste after the fruit is digested

Other seeds are dispersed by wind and water

These seeds are generally lightweight, allowing them to be carried in the air or float on the surface of the water

MONOCOT VS. DICOT

Parallel veins Complex

arrangement of vascular bundles

Fibrous Root EXAMPLE: Grass

Branched veins Vascular

bundles arranged in a ring

Taproot EXAMPLE: Tree

(Larger Plant)

Monocot vs. Dicot

Monocot vs Dicot leaves

Monocot vs. Dicot

Monocot vs. Dicot roots

ANNUAL VS. PERENNIAL Plant that

lives, reproduces and dies in 1 year

EXAMPLE: VEGETABLES

Plant that lives, reproduces and grows year after year

EXAMPLE: TREES

Annuals

Perennials

http://johnbokma.com/mexit/2005/01/16/nice-group-of-plants.jpghttp://www.biology4kids.com/extras/show_plants/03.jpghttp://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/vascular/images/mon_del.jpghttp://www.firstscience.com/home/images/legacygallery/leaf.jpgwww.wacona.com/words/organisms/nonvascularalgae.jpghttp://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/img/Red_Algae_m580917.jpghttp://www.seaweed.ie/Algae/Images/Himelo5.jpghttp://www.holencikroofing.com/A-Algae.jpghttp://www.greenhomesbyjr.com/Algae-Hands.jpghttp://www.bioremediate.com/algae1.jpghttp://coris.noaa.gov/glossary/bluegreen_algae_186.jpghttp://www-biology.ucsd.edu/bioresearch/images/initiatives/algal_biofuels.jpghttp://www.junelab.com/Images/Algae.jpghttp://www.sheffield.ac.uk/content/1/c6/05/24/91/liverworts-close-up-web.jpghttp://taggart.glg.msu.edu/bot335/liverw.gifhttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgnov02/mosses.jpghttp://www.justagroove.net/gallery/photos/mosses.jpghttp://www.rhs.org.uk/Advice/profiles0205/images/liverwort.jpghttp://www.arboretumphotographers.com/photographers/craigeiler/RushingWaterOnMoss_CraigEiler.jpghttp://www.marinebio.net/marinescience/04benthon/arcimg/arc5486.jpghttp://scitec.uwichill.edu.bb/bcs/bl14apl/lycon13.GIFhttp://img.alibaba.com/photo/51381743/Horsetail_Extract_Powder.jpghttp://www.dermaxime.com/images/horsetail.jpghttp://www2.selu.edu/Academics/Faculty/smartin/images/moss.jpghttp://www.biologyjunction.com/images/clubmoss01.JPEGhttp://darcywriter.com/images/Ferns1.JPGhttp://www.iusd.k12.ca.us/uhs/apbiology/images/leafbranch.jpghttp://betterlawns.com/images/peachtree.jpg

Photo sites

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