Charophyceans Bryophytes (nonvascular plants) Seedless vascular plants Gymnosperms Angiosperms.
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Transcript of Charophyceans Bryophytes (nonvascular plants) Seedless vascular plants Gymnosperms Angiosperms.
Ch
aro
ph
yc
ean
s
Bry
op
hyt
es
(n
on
vas
cu
lar
pla
nts
)
Se
edle
ss v
as
cula
r p
lan
ts
Gy
mn
os
per
ms
An
gio
sp
erm
s
30 nm
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Meiosis/Lilium_microsporogenesis/Phragmoplast_Cell_Plate.low.jpg
Chara, a pond organism
(a)10 mm
Coleochaete orbicularis, a disk-shaped charophycean (LM)
(b)
40 µm
Figure 29.3 Apical meristems of plant shoots and roots
Figure 29.4 Embryos of land plants: Marchantia (left), Shepherd's purse (right)
Figure 29.6 Alternation of generations: a generalized scheme
Figure 29.7 A fern spore
Figure 29.9 Gametangia: Archegonium of Marchantia (left), Anteridium of a hornwort (right)
Figure 29.10 Cuticle of a stem from Psilotum (a pteridophyte)
Figure 29.11 The stem of Polypodium, a fern (a pteridophyte)
Plantae
Streptophyta
Viridiplantae
Red algae Chlorophytes Charophyceans Embryophytes
Ancestral alga
Table 29.1 Ten Phyla of Extant Plants
Figure 29.15 Bryophytes
Figure 29.16 The life cycle of Polytrichum, a moss (Layer 3)
Figure 29.16x Moss life cycle
Figure 29.19 Sphagnum, or peat moss: Peat bog in Oneida County, Wisconsin (top), closeup of Sphagnum (bottom left), Sphagnum "leaf" (bottom right)
Bryophytes(nonvascular plants) Seedless vascular plants Seed plants
Vascular plants
Land plants
Origin of seed plants(about 360 mya)
Origin of vascular plants (about 420 mya)
Origin of land plants(about 475 mya)
Ancestralgreen alga
Ch
aro
ph
yce
an
s
Liv
erw
ort
s
Ho
rnw
ort
s
Mo
sse
s
Lyc
op
hyt
es
(clu
b m
oss
es,
sp
ike
mo
sse
s, q
uill
wo
rts)
Pte
rop
hyt
es
(fe
rns,
ho
rse
tails
, w
his
k fe
rns)
Gym
no
spe
rms
An
gio
spe
rms
Vascular tissue
Microphylls, such as those of lycophytes, may have originated as small stem outgrowths supported by single, unbranched strands of vascular tissue.
(a) Megaphylls, which have branched vascular systems, may have evolved by the fusion of branched stems.
(b)
Figure 29.24b Fern sporophyll, a leaf specialized for spore production
Figure 29.23x2 Life cycle of a fern: sorus
Figure 29.21x1 Lycophyte
Figure 29.21 Pteridophytes: club "moss" (top left), whisk fern (top right), horsetail (bottom left), fern (bottom right)
Homosporous spore production
Sporangiumin sporophyll
Singletype of spore
Typically abisexual
gametophyte
Eggs
Heterosporous spore production
Megasporangiumin megasporophyll Megaspore Female
gametophyte
Microsporangiumin microsporophyll
Microspore Malegametophyte
Sperm
Eggs
Sperm
Figure 29.21x2 Horsetail
Figure 29.23 The life cycle of a fern
Figure 29.23x6 Life cycle of a fern: gametophyte
Figure 29.24a Fern sporophyll, a leaf specialized for spore production